Tsarin Gine Gine na Musulunci a Kasar Sin

Tsarin Gine Gine na Musulunci a Kasar Sin
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	Islamic architecture (en)

Tsarin gine -ginen Musulunci na ƙasar Sin ko na Musulunci a kasar Sin kalma ce da aka yi amfani da ita don nuna al'adun gargajiya na Musulmai a ƙasar Sin daga babban yankin kasar ko na kasar Sin tun daga farkon zamani zuwa yanzu. Tare da ci gaban Musulunci a cikin al'adun Han na kasar Sin, wani gini na musamman ya fito daidai da koyarwar Musulunci. Ya zama misali don haɗa abubuwan gine -gine na gargajiyar Sinawa da na Musulunci tare don masallatai da sauran gine -gine.

Taswirar Musulunci ta lardin China bisa ga sabon ƙidayar Gwamnati a shekarar 2011; Musulmai suna da kashi 0.45% na jimlar jama'a.

Addinin Musulunci ya samu gindin zama a China tun a shekaru 1400 da suka gabata. Zuwa yanzu Musulmai a China sune ke da rashin rinjaye da kaso tsakanin 0.45% zuwa 1.8% na gaba ɗaya jama'ar a wata ƙididdiga da akayi ta baya-bayan nan. Ƴan Ƙabilar Hui sune sukafi yawan Musulmi a cikin su, Yankin Xinjiang, shi yafi kowanne yanki yawan Musulmai inda yan kabilar Uyghur sukafi yawa. Haka nan ma akwai musulmai a yankunan Ningxia, Gansu da Qinghai.

Gabatarwar Musulunci 616–18 Miladiyya

Ana danganta ginin Masallacin Huaisheng da ɗan uwan Annabi Muhammad na biyu, Sa`ad ibn Abi Waqqas .

Sahaban Annabi Muhammadu ne suka fara gabatar da Musulunci a China a 616 - 18 AD. : Sa`ad ibn Abi Waqqas, Sayid, Wahab ibn Abu Kabcha da wani Sahaba. Wahab ibn abu Kabcha (Wahb abi Kabcha) yana iya kasancewa dan al-Harth ibn Abdul Uzza (wanda aka fi sani da Abu Kabsha). An lura a wasu asusun cewa Wahab Abu Kabcha ya isa Canton ta teku a cikin 629 CE.

Sa`ad bn Abi Waqqas, tare da Sahabbai uku, wato Suhayla Abuarja, Uwais al-Qarani, da Hassan ibn Thabit, sun dawo China daga Arabia a shekarar 637 ta hanyar Yunan-Manipur-Chittagong, sannan suka isa Arabiya ta teku. Wasu kafofin sun fara gabatar da Musulunci a China zuwa 650 Miladiyya, zama na uku na Sa`ad ibn Abi Waqqas, lokacin da aka aiko shi a matsayin wakilin hukuma ga Sarki Gaozong a lokacin Halifa Uthman .

Tarihin Musulunci a China ya koma farkon shekarun Musulunci. Dangane da tarihin almara na Musulman China, shekaru goma sha takwas bayan rasuwar Muhammad, Khalifa na uku na Musulunci, Uthman ibn Affan ya aika da tawaga ƙarƙashin jagorancin Sa`ad ibn Abi Waqqas, kawun Muhammad na mahaifiya, zuwa ga Sarkin Gaozong na ƙasar Sin.

Hamada Hagras inda ya rubuta cewa " Majiyoyin tarihi na kasar Sin sun nuna cewa Sinawa ba su ji labarin Musulunci ba sai a cikin 639 AD, a cewar tsohon Littafin Tang Jiu Tangshu Sarkin Taizong (626-649) ya karbi ofishin jakadanci daga sarakunan Sassanid na karshe. Yazdegerd III yana neman taimako akan sojojin larabawa masu mamayewa na kasarsa. Duk da haka, sarkin ya guji taimaka masa " .

Dangane da tarihin almara na Musulman kasar Sin, ofishin jakadancin da Uthman , Halifa na uku , ya aiko da Musulunci zuwa China a cikin 651, kasa da shekaru ashirin bayan rasuwar annabi Muhammad . Sa’ad bn Abi Waqqas, kawun annabi ne da kansa ya jagoranci ofishin jakadancin. Daga nan sai sarki Gaozong, sarkin Tang wanda ya karbi wakilin ya ba da umarnin gina masallacin Tunawa a Canton, masallaci na farko a kasar, don tunawa da annabi.

Yayin da masana tarihi na zamani ke cewa babu wata shaida ga Waqqās kansa da ya taɓa zuwa China, sun yi imanin cewa jami'an diflomasiyya da 'yan kasuwa na Musulmi sun isa Tang China a cikin' yan shekarun da suka gabata daga farkon Zamanin Musulmi . Al'adar daular Tang, tare da manyan abokan hulɗarta tare da Asiya ta Tsakiya da manyan al'ummomin (asalinsu ba Musulmi ba) na 'yan kasuwa na Asiya ta Tsakiya da Yammacin Asiya waɗanda ke zaune a biranen China, waɗanda suka taimaka gabatar da Musulunci.

Hamada Hagras wanda a cikinsa ya ba da rahoton cewa "Musulunci ya isa China a zamanin Tang a cikin 651, lokacin bazara na shekara ta biyu na zamanin Sarki Gaozong ; a cikin wannan shekarar ita ce ofishin jakadancin Larabawa na farko zuwa kotun daular Tang, Wannan shine farkon hulda kai tsaye tsakanin Sinawa da Larabawa ". An fara lura da Larabawa a cikin rubutattun rubuce -rubucen Sinawa, a ƙarƙashin sunan Dashi a cikin tarihin daular Tang (618 - 907), (Tashi ko Dashi shine fassarar Tazi - sunan da mutanen Farisa ke amfani da Larabawa). Bayanan da aka fara daga 713 suna magana game da isowar jakadiyar Dashi. Manyan matsugunan Musulmai na farko a China sun ƙunshi Araban kasuwa Larabawa da Farisa.

Majiyoyin Larabawa sun ce Qutayba ibn Muslim ya dauki Kashgar daga China a takaice ya janye bayan yarjejeniya amma masana tarihi na zamani gaba daya sun yi watsi da wannan ikirarin.

Halifancin Umayyawa na Larabawa a cikin 715 AD ya nemi Ikhshid, sarki kwarin Fergana, kuma ya naɗa sabon sarki Alutar akan kursiyin. Sarkin da aka hambarar ya tsere zuwa Kucha (kujerar Anxi Protectorate ), ya nemi China ta shiga tsakani. Sinawa sun tura sojoji 10,000 karkashin Zhang Xiaosong zuwa Ferghana . Ya ci Alutar da sojojin mamayar Larabawa a Namangan sannan ya sake sanya Ikhshid akan karagar mulki.

Gine -ginen Musulunci na kasar Sin a zamanin Tang

Minaret na Masallacin Daxuexi Alley

Tsarin gine -ginen addinin Musulunci na ƙasar Sin na farko shi ne Babban Masallaci a Xian an gina shi a cikin 742 (gwargwadon yadda aka zana shi a kan allon dutse a ciki), da Masallacin Daxuexi Alley da ke Xi'an (Bisa ga rubutun sarki Jiajing na daular Ming; an gina masallaci a 705)

Babban Masallacin Xi'an, ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin masallatan kasar Sin

Gine-ginen Musulunci na ƙasar Sin a zamanin Song-Liao

Akwai misalai da yawa na gine -ginen Musulunci a lokacin daular Song da Liao; Masallacin Niujie da ke Beijing ( Saukakken Sinanci : 牛街 礼拜寺; Sinawa na gargajiya : 牛街 禮拜寺; pinyin : Niújiē lǐbàisì ; Wade – Giles : Niu-chieh Li-pai-ssu "Oxen Street House of Worship" ko Sinanci : 牛街 清真寺; pinyin : ' Niújiē Qīngzhēnsì' ; Wade – Giles : Niu-chieh Ch'ing-chen-ssu "Masallacin Titin Oxen") shine masallaci mafi tsufa a Beijing, China . An fara gina shi a shekarar 996 a lokacin daular Liao kuma an sake gina shi tare da fadada shi a karkashin Sarkin Cheng Hua na daular Ming wanda ya ba da tallafin kuɗi na masallaci a 1474, da Sarkin Kangxi (r. 1661–1722) na daular Qing . da Masallacin Huaisheng da ke Guangzhou.

Gine -ginen Musulunci na ƙasar Sin a zamanin Yuan

Akwai misalai da yawa na gine -ginen Musulunci a lokacin Yuan kamar Masallacin Beijing Dongsi (北京东四 清真寺) wanda ya faɗaɗa a zamanin daular Ming, Masallacin Tongzhou na Beijing (北京 通州 清真寺), Masallacin Qanjhou Qingjing (泉州 清净寺) wanda ke da kawai misalin ƙofar dutse, Masallacin Hangzhou Fenghuang (杭州 风 凰 寺). Wannan lokacin ya kasance da abubuwan gine -ginen Musulunci kamar manyan ƙofar shiga, ƙofofi, yankunan canji, amfani da tubali da duwatsu.

Gine -ginen Musulunci na ƙasar Sin a zamanin Ming

A zamanin daular Ming, an fara gina dakunan karatu a cikin masallatai a Shaanxi daga baya kuma ya bazu ko'ina cikin ƙasar Sin.

Gongbei

Gongbei ( Sin :拱北. PinYin : Gǒngběi; daga Larabci : قبة ‎ Persian : گنبد ‎, ma'ana "Dome", "cupola"), shi ne wani ajali amfani da mutanen Hui a Arewa maso Yammacin China don haɗaɗɗun wuraren ibada na Musulunci ta'allaƙa ne akan kabarin babban malamin Sufi, musamman wanda ya kafa menhuan (ƙungiyar Sufi ta China, ko "zuriyar tsarkaka"). Kabarin da kansa galibi ana ɗora shi da dome .

Irin wannan wurin ana kiransa dargah a cikin ƙasashe da yawa na Musulunci.

Linxia-City-Heyantou-Gongbe

Tsakanin 1958 zuwa 1966, an lalata ƙaburbura da yawa na Sufaye a Ningxia da duk arewa maso yammacin China gaba ɗaya, waɗanda hukumomi ke kallon su a matsayin kayan tarihi na tsohon tsari na “feudal” da alamomin addinin da a ka soki, da kuma dalilai masu amfani (“ɓata mahimmanci kasar gona "). Da zarar an sake samun 'yancin addini a cikin shekarun 1980, kuma yawancin ƙasar ta koma hannun manoma, an lalata gongbei sau da yawa.