Dokar gurbataccen mai na 1961
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 Dokar gurbataccen mai na 1961 | |
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Act of Congress in the United States (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
| Legislated by (en) |
87th United States Congress (en) |
Dokar Gurbacewar Mai na 1961, 33 USC Babi na 20 §§ 1001-1011, kafa ma'anar shari'a da hani na bakin teku ga masana'antar ruwa ta Amurka. Dokar ta yi amfani da yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa na rigakafin gurbacewar ruwa ta teku, a shekarata 1954. Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta samar da tanadi don sarrafa fitar da gurɓataccen mai daga jiragen ruwa a tekun.
Majalisar dokokin Amurka ta 87 ta zartar da dokar S. 2187 kuma shugaban Amurka na 35 John F. Kennedy ya zartar a ranar 30 ga Agusta, shekarar 1961.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa don hana gurɓacewar teku ta Oil (OILPOL) taron ƙasa da ƙasa ne da Burtaniya ta shirya a shekarata 1954. An yi taron a London, Ingila daga 26 ga Afrilu, shekarata 1954 zuwa 12 ga Mayu, shekarar 1954. An kira taron na ƙasa da ƙasa don amincewa da zubar da sharar da ke haifar da haɗari ga yanayin tekun .
Yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa don rigakafin gurɓacewar teku ta hanyar mai, 1954 an rubuta ainihin rubutu cikin Ingilishi da Faransanci . An gyara yarjejeniyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta shekarun 1954 a 1962, 1969, da 1971.
Abubuwan da Dokar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dokar ta yi koyi da ka'idoji na gaba na Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa don Kare Gurɓacewar Ruwa ta Oil, a shekarata 1954.
Ma'anoni
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Zubar da ruwa dangane da mai ko gauraya mai na nufin duk wani fitarwa ko tserewa ko yaya aka yi
- Man dizal mai nauyi yana nufin man dizal na ruwa, ban da waɗancan distillates wanda sama da kashi 50 cikin ɗari ta hanyar ƙarar ƙararrawa a yanayin zafin da bai wuce 340 ° C / 644 ° F lokacin da Societyungiyar Gwaji da Kayayyakin Amurka ta gwada daidaitaccen hanyar D158-53
- Mile yana nufin mil mil na nautical mil na 6,080 feet (1,850 m)
- Man yana nufin mai dawwama, kamar ɗanyen mai, man fetur, man dizal mai nauyi, da mai mai mai . Man da ke cikin cakuda mai bai wuce kashi ɗari a cikin kashi miliyan ɗaya na cakuda mai ba, kuma ba a ɗauka yana lalata saman teku.
- Yankunan da aka haramta suna nufin yankuna huɗu da aka zayyana da aka bayyana a matsayin yankunan Adriatic, yankunan Tekun Arewa, yankunan Atlantic, da yankin Ostiraliya.
- Jirgin ruwa yana nufin
- (I) jiragen ruwa na lokacin da ake amfani da su azaman mataimakan ruwa;
- (II) jiragen ruwa na ƙasa da tan ɗari biyar babban ton ;
- (III) jiragen ruwa na lokacin da ke tsunduma cikin masana'antar whaling ;
- (IV) jiragen ruwa a halin yanzu suna tafiya a cikin Manyan Tafkunan Arewacin Amirka da haɗin gwiwarsu da ruwan rafi har zuwa gabas zuwa ƙananan mafita na Lachine Canal Montreal a lardin Quebec, Kanada .
- Sakatare na nufin Sakataren Sojojin Amurka
Haramcin Yanki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Yankunan Adriatic - A cikin Tekun Adriatic yankunan da aka haramta daga gabar tekun Italiya da Yugoslavia bi da bi za su kara 50 miles (80 km) daga ƙasa, ban da tsibirin Vis kawai.
- Yankunan Tekun Arewa - Yankin Tekun Arewa zai tsawaita tsawon 100 miles (160 km) daga gabar tekun kasashe masu zuwa:
- amma bai wuce wurin da iyakar 100 miles (160 km) yanki daga yammacin gabar tekun Jutland ya haɗu da iyakar kimanin 50 miles (80 km) yanki daga bakin tekun Norway .
- Yankunan Atlantika - Yankin Atlantika za su kasance cikin layin da aka zana daga wani wuri akan Greenwich meridian 100 miles (160 km) a arewa-arewa-gabas shugabanci daga Shetland Islands ; daga nan zuwa arewa tare da Greenwich Meridian zuwa latitude 64° arewa; daga nan zuwa yamma tare da 64th layi ɗaya zuwa longitude 10° yamma (64°00′00″N 10°00′00″W / 64.00000°N 10.00000°W ; daga nan zuwa latitude 60° arewa, longitude 14° yamma (60°00′00″N 14°00′00″W / 60.00000°N 14.00000°W ; daga nan zuwa latitude 54° 30' arewa, longitude 30° yamma (54°30′00″N 30°00′00″W / 54.50000°N 30.00000°W ; daga nan zuwa latitude 44° 20' arewa, longitude 30° yamma (44°20′00″N 30°00′00″W / 44.33333°N 30.00000°W ; daga nan zuwa latitude 48° arewa, longitude 14° yamma (48°00′00″N 14°00′00″W / 48.00000°N 14.00000°W ; daga nan zuwa gabas tare da 48th a layi ɗaya zuwa wani wuri na tsaka-tsaki tare da 50 miles (80 km) yankin bakin tekun Faransa .
- Yankin Ostiraliya - Yankin Ostiraliya zai tsawaita 150 miles (240 km) daga bakin tekun Ostiraliya, sai dai daga arewa da yammacin bakin tekun Ostiraliya tsakanin ma'anar da ke gaban tsibirin Alhamis da ma'ana a bakin tekun yamma a 20 ° kudu latitude (20°00′00″S 119°40′00″E / 20.00000°S 119.66667°E ).
Littafin Rubutun Mai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- A kowane jirgi a ɗauke da littafin tarihin mai . Idan irin wannan fitarwa ko kubucewar mai daga jirgin ruwa a yankin da aka haramta, za a ba da sanarwar sanya hannu a cikin littafin tarihin mai, jami'in ko jami'an da ke kula da ayyukan da abin ya shafa da kuma mai kula da jirgin, yanayi da dalilin fitar ko tserewa.
| Littafin Rubutun Mai na Tankokin Mai |
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| Ranar Shiga |
| I.) Yin ƙwanƙwasa da fitar da ballast daga tankunan dakon kaya |
| Lambobin shaida na tanki(s) |
| Nau'in mai da a baya ya ƙunsa a cikin tanki(s) |
| Kwanan wata da wurin yin ƙwallo |
| Kwanan wata da lokacin fitar da ruwan ballast |
| Wuri ko matsayi na jirgi |
| Kimanin adadin ruwan gurbataccen mai da aka canjawa wuri zuwa tanki(s) slop |
| Lambobin shaida na tanki (s) slop |
| II. ) Share tankunan dakon kaya |
| Lambobin shaida na tanki(s) da aka goge |
| Nau'in mai da a baya ya ƙunsa a cikin tanki(s) |
| Lambobin shaida na tanki (s) wanda aka canjawa wuri wanki |
| Kwanaki da lokutan tsaftacewa |
| III. ) Matsawa a cikin tanki (s) da zubar da ruwa |
| Lambobin shaida na tanki (s) slop |
| Lokacin daidaitawa (a cikin sa'o'i) |
| Kwanan wata da lokacin fitar ruwa |
| Wuri ko matsayi na jirgi |
| Kimanin adadin ragowar |
| IV. ) Zubar da ruwa daga ragowar mai daga tankunan tanki (s) da sauran hanyoyin |
| Kwanan wata da hanyar zubarwa |
| Wuri ko matsayi na jirgi |
| Madogararsa da ƙimanta yawa |
| Littafin Rubutun Mai Na Jiragen Ruwa Ban da Tankokin Mai |
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| Ranar Shiga |
| I.) Yin wasa, ko tsaftacewa yayin tafiya, na tankunan mai |
| Lambobin shaida na tanki(s) |
| Nau'in mai da a baya ya ƙunsa a cikin tanki(s) |
| Kwanan wata da wurin yin ƙwallo |
| Kwanan wata da lokacin fitar da ballast ko ruwan wanka |
| Wuri ko matsayi na jirgi |
| Ko mai raba amfani: idan haka ne, ba da lokacin amfani |
| Zubar da ragowar mai da aka ajiye akan jirgin |
| II. ) Zubar da ragowar mai daga tankunan mai da sauran hanyoyin |
| Kwanan wata da hanyar zubarwa |
| Wuri ko matsayi na jirgi |
| Madogararsa da ƙimanta yawa |
| Littafin Rubutun Mai na Duk Jirgin Ruwa |
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| Ranar Shiga |
| Hatsari da sauran fitattun fitar da mai ko kubucewar mai |
| Kwanan wata da lokacin faruwa |
| Wuri ko matsayi na jirgi |
| Kimanin adadi da nau'in mai |
| Halin fitarwa ko tserewa da kuma maganganun gaba ɗaya |
Soke Dokar Gurbacewar Mai ta 1961
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An soke dokar Amurka ta shekarar 1961 ta hanyar kafa dokar hana gurɓacewar ruwa daga jiragen ruwa a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, shekarata 1980.
Duba wasu abubuwan
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Tankin ballast
- Fitar ruwan ballast da muhalli
- Tasirin muhalli na jigilar kaya
- Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Maritime ta Duniya
- MARPOL 73/78
- Kayan aikin lura da fitar da mai
- Dokar Gurbacewar Mai ta 1924
- Dokar Gurbacewar Mai ta 1973
- Dokar Gurbacewar Mai ta 1990