Fahima Hashim
 Fahima Hashim | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | Mai kare ƴancin ɗan'adam |
Fahima Hashim (Larabci: فهيمة هاشم) 'yar ƙasar Sudan ce mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama da ke mai da hankali kan al'amuran mata. Ita ce wacce ta kafa cibiyar albarkatun mata ta Salmmah, ta riƙe muƙamin darekta tun daga shekarar 2005 har zuwa lokacin da gwamnatin Sudan ta rushe a shekarar 2014, kuma a halin yanzu tana ci gaba da fafutuka daga ƙasar Canada, inda ta nemi mafaka a shekarar 2014.
Rayuwa ta sirri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hashim ta karanci ilimin halin ɗan Adam a Jami'ar Mata ta Ahfad da ke Omdurman, Sudan. [1] Ta ci gaba da samun digiri na biyu a fannin Documentation and Library a Jami’ar Bayero Kano da ke Najeriya, inda ta kammala a shekarar 1994. [1] [2]
A cikin shekara ta 2014, Hashim ta gudu Sudan tare da 'yarta kuma ta nemi mafaka a Kanada, daga baya ta zauna a Ottawa. A shekara ta 2022, ta koma Sudan, amma ta bar shekara ta gaba bayan ɓarkewar yakin basasa tsakanin Sojojin Sudan da Rundunar Taimakon gaggawa; har zuwa shekara ta 2023, tana zaune a Kanada. [3]
Gwagwarmaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Salmmah Women's Resource Center (1997–2014)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hashim tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka assasa Cibiyar Albarkatun Mata ta Salmmah (Larabci: مركز سالمة لدراسات المرأة), wanda ke birnin Khartoum. Kungiyar ta ba da aikin wayar da kan mata da matasa kan batutuwan da suka shafi mata da kuma batutuwa, da nufin karfafawa musamman mata don shawo kan shingen tsari, siyasa da shari'a a cikin Sudan don shiga cikin kungiyoyin farar hula. Bugu da kari, Salmmah ta kuma ba da gudumawa wajen rubutawa da kuma yin bincike kan hakkokin mata da kuma matsalolin da ke addabar mata a Sudan ta wannan zamani tare da kungiyoyi da kungiyoyin agaji na ƙasa da ƙasa. [4] [5] [6] Yayin da Salmmah ke zaune a Khartoum, ta gudanar da ayyuka a duk jihohin Sudan, ciki har da na Sudan ta Kudu kafin samun 'yancin kai a shekara ta 2011. [7] Hashim ta kasance darakta Salmmah daga shekarun 2005 zuwa 2014. [8]
Bayan rattaba hannu kan cikakkiyar yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya a shekarar 2005 tsakanin kungiyar 'yantar da jama'ar Sudan da gwamnatin Sudan, Hashim ta kara samun damar bayar da shawarwari a bainar jama'a da cimma sauye-sauye ga dokokin Sudan waɗanda suka shafi mata kai tsaye. [9] A cikin shekarar 2009, Salmmah ta fara bayar da shawarar gyara dokar laifuka ta 1991, wacce ta kwatanta fyaɗe da zina ta hanyar ɗaukar shi a matsayin jima'i na waje, wanda ya haifar da masu fyaɗe suna samun ƙarin hukunci mai sassauci. [10] [11] Bugu da kari, Hashim ta kuma fito fili ta yi kamfen ɗin adawa da dokar odar jama'a ta shekarar 1991, wacce ta hana mata sanya wando ko sanya tufafin "marasa mutunci"; don sake fasalin kundin tsarin mulkin Sudan, wanda ya halatta "mummunan" nau'i na azabtarwa ga mata, kamar jifa; da kuma ƙaruwar shekarun aure don baiwa 'yan mata damar mayar da hankali kan karatunsu. [8] [10] [12] Yayin da aka soke wasu daga cikin waɗannan dokoki ko kuma aka yi musu kwaskwarima, daga baya Hashim ta soki mahukuntan Sudan kan rashin aiwatar da sabbin dokoki ko ka'idoji kan batutuwa kamar su tufafin mata da auren yara. [13]
Hashim ta taka rawa wajen shirya zanga-zanga da zanga-zangar inganta yancin mata, ciki har da jagorantar bikin ranar mata ta duniya da aka gudanar a birnin Khartoum na shekara shekara, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na tashin Biliyan ɗaya da kuma kwanaki 16 na ɗaukar matakan yaki da cin zarafin mata. [10] Bayan zartas da dokar ta shekarar 2005 ta kungiyar kare hakkin bil-Adama ta ƙasar Sudan, wadda ta yi matukar takaita kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil Adama a Sudan, Hashim ta samu damar samun tallafin kuɗi daga hukumomin ƙasa da ƙasa don taimakawa da kuɗaɗen tafiyar da harkokin Salmmah, ciki har da tallafin dala 120,000 daga gwamnatin ƙasar. Ford Foundation a shekara ta 2008. [14] [15]
Hashim ta fuskanci adawa daga mahukuntan Sudan, kuma an yi mata tambayoyi da yawa a lokacin da take aiki a Salmmah, wanda ake kyautata zaton hakan ya faru ne saboda sukar da ta yi a bainar jama'a da kuma bayar da rahotannin laifukan da sojoji suka aikata a lokacin yakin Darfur, ciki har da yin amfani da fyaɗe a matsayin makamin yaki. [15] [16] A watan Maris na 2014, hukumomi sun haramta wa Hashim da Salmmah gudanar da Maris din Ranar Mata ta Duniya a Khartoum. [7] [17]
A ranar 24 ga watan Yuni 2014, hukumomin jihar sun halarci cibiyar Salmmah a Khartoum kuma sun nemi ma'aikatanta da su daina duk wani aiki. [10] Wata sanarwa daga ma’aikatar shari’a ta ƙasar ta sanar da cewa an soke rijistar Salmmah a matsayin kamfani mai zaman kanta, wanda hakan ya sa aka rushe shi nan take. [18] Dokar dai ba ta bayyana dalilin daukar matakin ba, ko da yake Hashim ta yi imanin cewa matakin ya samo asali ne daga hukumar leken asiri da tsaro ta ƙasar, kuma ana hasashen cewa an yanke hukuncin ne bayan Hashim ta yi jawabi kan halin da mata a Sudan ke ciki a Global Global. Taron kolin kawo karshen cin zarafi da tashe-tashen hankula a birnin London na ƙasar Birtaniya. [8] [12] [19] Matan da ke rayuwa ƙarƙashin dokokin musulmi sun yi Allah-wadai da matakin rufe Salmmah da cewa tauye hakkin kungiyoyin farar hula na yin amfani da ‘yancin faɗin albarkacin baki da kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasar ya ba su kamar yadda kundin tsarin mulkin Sudan ya tanada. [12] Gamayyar kungiyoyin farar hula ta Sudan ta bayyana rufe Salmmah a matsayin harin da aka kai wa kungiyoyin fararen hula. [20]
Ayyukan da suka biyo baya (2014-yanzu)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan rufe Salmmah, an kafa wata sabuwar kungiya mai suna SWRC, wadda za ta ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan Salmmah, ta hanyar tallafa wa matasa da su ba da gudummuwarsu ga yunkurin tabbatar da zaman lafiya a Sudan. [21] Jim kaɗan bayan rufe Salmmah, shugaban kasar Sudan, Omar al-Bashir, ya zargi Hashim da "lalata al'ummar Sudan", kuma daga bisani ta gudu tare da 'yarta, don neman mafaka a Kanada. A cikin shekarar 2015, Hashim ta zama malama mai ziyara a Cibiyar Nazarin Mata a Jami'ar York a Toronto. [1]
Bayan hambarar da al-Bashir a shekara ta 2019, Hashim ta fito fili ta yi magana game da fatan komawa Sudan, wanda ta yi a shekarar 2022, duk da cewa an tilasta mata barin ƙasar ta koma Canada a shekara ta gaba bayan ɓarkewar yakin Sudan. Daga Kanada, Hashim ta tallafa wa masu fafutuka su bar Sudan, ta hanyar tallafawa da aikace-aikacen biza, da kuma tara kuɗi don biyan abubuwan sufuri, haya, da farashin abinci. [3]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Fahima Hashim". Interview Her (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2024. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Victors, Not Victims: Women Driving Social Change and Striving for Peace in Conflict Zones". Skoll Foundation (in Turanci). 29 March 2012. Archived from the original on 27 May 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Wadekar, Neha (4 August 2023). "The women who helped bring down Sudan's dictator hoped it would end discrimination against them. Instead, they're fighting for their lives". The Fuller Project (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2024. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":7" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Salmmah Women's Resource Centre, Khartoum". Women Living Under Muslim Laws (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ "Arab Coalition for Sudan condemns closure of women's centre". Dabanga (in Turanci). 1 July 2014. Archived from the original on 12 February 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ "Salmmah Women's Resource Centre". Inter Pares (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 30 October 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "فهيمة هاشم مديرة مركز سالمة:منع الاحتفال بيوم المرأة خير شاهد على سياسة القمع التى تمارسها الحكومة" [Fahima Hashem, Director of the Salmmah Center: Preventing the celebration of Women’s Day is the best evidence of the government’s policy of repression]. Altaghyeer (in Larabci). 10 March 2014. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":4" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Tønnessen, Liv; Al-Nagar, Samia (15 June 2021). "Legal Mobilization to Protect Women against Rape in Islamist Sudan". Cahiers d'Études Africaines (in Turanci). LXI (242): 355–376. doi:10.4000/etudesafricaines.34279. ISSN 0008-0055. S2CID 236283393 Check
|s2cid=value (help). Archived from the original on 25 February 2024 – via Open Edition. Cite error: Invalid<ref>tag; name ":3" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Meet Fahima Hashim, Sudan". Nobel Women's Initiative (in Turanci). 10 December 2020. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 "Inter Pares strongly condemns the closing of Salmmah Women's Center in Sudan". Inter Pares (in Turanci). 25 June 2014. Archived from the original on 29 October 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2024. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":2" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Jaffer, Mobina (1 November 2019). "Treatment of Gender Violence in Sudan and Especially Darfur". The Honourable Mobina S.B. Jaffer, K.C. (in Turanci). Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "WLUML condemns the shutdown of Sudan's Salmmah Women's Resource Centre". Women Living Under Muslim Laws (in Turanci). 27 June 2014. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2024. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":5" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "مدافعات حقوقيات يطالبن المجتمع الدولي بالتحرك لحماية النساء السودانيات من العنف الجنسي" [Women human rights defenders call on the international community to take action to protect Sudanese women from sexual violence]. UN News (in Larabci). 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ "105264 - Salmmah Women Resource Centre". Ford Foundation (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Hashim, Fahima (January 2007). "Sudanese women acting to end sexual violence". Forced Migration Review (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2024. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name ":6" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "The contributions of women activists to progress and reform". Nobel Women's Initiative (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ "Sudanese authorities close women's rights centre". Sudan Tribune (in Turanci). 26 June 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ "Communication report". Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ "SUDAN: Sudan Shuts Women's Rights Centre Without Explanation". PeaceWomen (in Turanci). 24 June 2014. Archived from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ Elnazir, Elbarag (25 June 2014). "Attacks on Civil Society continue in Sudan with closure of Salmmah Women's Resource Centre". Sudanese Online (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ↑ "SWRC". Inter Pares (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 20 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.