Gidan Bayi
 | ||||
| ||||
| Iri |
residential building (en)  cultural heritage (en) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bangare na | Gorée | |||
| Validity (en) | 1776 – | |||
| Wuri | Gorée, Dakar | |||
| Ƙasa | Senegal da Daular Portuguese | |||
| Yanar gizo | webworld.unesco.org… | |||
Gidan bayi ( Maison des Esclaves ) da Ƙofar da Babu dawowa gidan tarihi ne kuma abin tunawa ga waɗanda cinikin bayin Atlantika ya shafa a tsibirin Gorée, 3 kilomita daga gabar tekun birnin Dakar, Senegal . Gidan kayan tarihi kasa, wanda aka buɗe a cikin 1962 kuma an tsara shi har zuwa mutuwar Boubacar Joseph Ndiaye a 2009, an ce don tunawa da ƙarshen fita na bayi daga Afirka . Duk da yake masana tarihi sun bambanta a kan yawancin bayi na Afirka da aka gudanar a cikin wannan ginin, da kuma mahimmancin dangi na Gorée Island a matsayin batu a kan cinikin bayi na Atlantic, baƙi daga Afirka, Turai, da Amirkawa sun ci gaba da mayar da shi. wuri mai mahimmanci don tunawa da yawan mutane da aka bautar na Afirka. [1]
Yanayin rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bayan da aka gina shi a shekara ta 1776, gidan bayi ya zama cibiyar da ake rike da bayin Afirka da za a fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje. Gidan ya kasance mallakar wata mace Afro-Faransa ( Anne Pépin ), wacce ta mallaki jiragen ruwa da yawa kuma ta shiga cinikin bayi. Yanayin ginin ya yi muni, inda da yawa daga cikin waɗanda aka daure suka halaka kafin su isa jiragen ruwa. Mutanen da aka kama bayi "an ɗaure su a cikin duhu, marasa iska", kuma "sun kwashe kwanaki a ɗaure a ƙasa, bayansu a bango, ba su iya motsawa." An raba iyalai biyu a gidan, maza da mata da yara ana tsare da su a wurare daban-daban, da kuma bayan sun hau jiragen ruwa, tunda yawancinsu ba a kai su wuri daya ba. Musamman ’yan mata, an tsare su ne daban da sauran waɗanda aka daure, ana yi musu fareti a tsakar gida domin ’yan kasuwa da bayi su zaɓe su don yin lalata da su; idan sun yi ciki, an bar su su zauna a tsibirin har sai sun haihu. An mai da shi gidan tarihi da kuma abin tunawa a cikin 1962, gidan bayi yanzu ya zama shaida ga wahala da barnar ɗan adam da cinikin bayi ya haifar.[2]
Tunawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An sake gina Gidan Bayi kuma an buɗe shi azaman gidan kayan gargajiya a cikin 1962 galibi ta hanyar aikin Boubacar Joseph Ndiaye (1922-2009). Ndiaye ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga duka abubuwan tunawa da shela da aka gudanar da bayi a cikin ginin da yawa kuma daga nan kai tsaye zuwa Amurka . [1] Daga ƙarshe ya zama mai kula da Gidan Tarihi, Ndiaye ya yi iƙirarin cewa fiye da mutane bayi miliyan ɗaya ne suka wuce ta ƙofar gidan. Wannan imani ya sanya gidan ya zama wurin shakatawa da kuma wurin ziyarar jahohi da shugabannin duniya ke kai wa Senegal . [1]
Rigimar ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tun daga shekarun 1980, masana ilimi sun yi watsi da rawar da Gorée ta taka a cikin cinikin bayi na Atlantic, suna jayayya cewa da wuya mutane da yawa bayi da gaske sun bi ta ƙofar, kuma Gorée da kansa ya kasance mai rahusa ga cinikin bayi na Atlantic. [1] Ndiaye da sauran 'yan Senegal sun ci gaba da cewa wurin ya fi abin tunawa da gaske kuma wuri ne na tarihi na jigilar 'yan Afirka zuwa kasashen Turai da ke nahiyar Amurka, kuma masu binciken Anglophone ba su yaba masa ba. [3]
An gina shi a kusa da 1776, [1] ginin shine gida a farkon karni na 19 zuwa ɗaya daga cikin masu arziki, 'yan mulkin mallaka, 'yar kasuwa mace 'yar Senegal (The Signares ), Anne Pépin ko Anna Colas Pépin . Masu bincike suna jayayya cewa yayin da mai gida zai iya sayar da ƙananan bayi (wanda aka ajiye a cikin sel na ginshiƙan da aka sake ginawa) [1] kuma ya ajiye wasu bayi a cikin gida, ainihin wurin tashi ya kasance 300m daga wani katanga a bakin teku. An maido da gidan tun a shekarun 1970. Duk da muhimmancin tsibirin Gorée, wasu masana tarihi sun yi iƙirarin cewa ’yan Afirka 26,000 da aka bautar ne kawai aka rubuta sun ratsa tsibirin, daga cikin adadin bayi da ba a sani ba da aka fitar daga Afirka. [1] Ndiaye da magoya bayansa sun gabatar da cewa akwai shaida, ginin da kansa, an gina shi ne don ɗaukar ɗimbin bayi, kuma kusan mutane miliyan 15 ne suka ratsa ta wannan Ƙofar Babu Komawa .
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Lissafi na ilimi, irin su aikin kididdiga na 1969 na masanin tarihi Philip D. Curtin, suna jayayya cewa tilasta jigilar kaya daga Gorée ya fara a kusa da 1670 kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa kimanin 1810, a lokaci guda fiye da 200 zuwa 300 a shekara a cikin shekaru masu mahimmanci kuma babu wani a cikin wasu. . Kididdigar kididdigar kididdigar kasuwanci ta Curtin ta 1969 ta nuna cewa a tsakanin 1711 da 1810 an kwashe 'yan Afirka 180,000 da aka bautar daga ma'aikatan Faransa a Senegambia, yawancin ana jigilar su daga Saint-Louis, Senegal, da James Fort a Gambiya ta zamani. [4] An nakalto Curtin yana faɗin cewa ainihin ƙofar da aka tuna da ita ba ta da wani mahimmancin tarihi, saboda gaskiyar cewa an gina ta a ƙarshen 1770s da "ƙarshen zamanin [cin cinikin bayi] ya kasance mai mahimmanci", tare da Biritaniya da Amurka duka sun soke cinikin bayi a 1807. [5] [6] Sauran malaman sun kuma yi nuni da cewa, Curtin bai kididdige adadin mutanen da suka mutu a lokacin safara ko kuma jim kadan bayan kama su ba, wanda hakan zai iya kara masa kiyasin. [6] Dangane da waɗannan alkalumman, waɗanda yawancin jama'ar Senegal suka ƙi amincewa da su, wani taron tarihi na Afirka a 1998 ya yi iƙirarin cewa bayanan daga gidajen kasuwancin Faransa na Nantes sun rubuta bayi 103,000 daga Gorée a cikin jiragen ruwa mallakar Nantes daga 1763 zuwa 1775. [7] Duk da haka, shaidar wannan da'awar takarda ce da ta ba da misalin 103,000 na bautar Afirka da aka kwashe daga babban yankin Upper Guinea gaba ɗaya, ba Gorée musamman ba. Ana Lucia Araujo ta ce "ba shine ainihin wurin da mutane na gaske suka bari a adadin da suka fada ba".
Ko da waɗanda ke jayayya Gorée ba su da mahimmanci a cinikin bayi suna kallon tsibirin a matsayin muhimmin abin tunawa ga cinikin da aka yi a mafi girma daga tashar jiragen ruwa na Ghana da Benin na zamani. [1]
Yawon shaƙatawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duk da cece-kuce, Maison des Esclaves wani yanki ne na tsakiya na Gidan Tarihi na Tsibirin Gorée na UNESCO, wanda aka yi wa suna a shekarar 1978, kuma babban abin jan hankali ga masu yawon bude ido na kasashen waje zuwa Senegal. Mintuna 20 ne kawai ta jirgin ruwa daga tsakiyar birnin Dakar, baƙi 200,000 a shekara suna wucewa ta gidan kayan tarihi a nan. [8] Mutane da yawa, musamman waɗanda suka fito daga bautar Afirka, sun bayyana ra'ayoyin da suka ji daɗi sosai a wurin, da kuma tasirin fassarar Ndiaye game da mahimmancin tarihi na ginin: musamman Ƙofar Babu Komawa ta hanyar da Ndiaye ya yi jayayya cewa miliyoyin 'yan Afirka da aka bautar da su sun bar nahiyar. na karshe. Kafin mutuwarsa a shekara ta 2008, Ndiaye da kansa zai jagoranci yawon bude ido ta cikin sel na ginshiki, ta hanyar Kofar Babu Komawa, kuma ya rike har zuwa masu yawon bude ido da sarƙoƙi na ƙarfe, kamar waɗanda ake amfani da su don ɗaure 'yan Afirka bayi. [9] Tun da littafin Alex Haley 's novel Roots: The Saga of an American Family a 1976, 'yan yawon bude ido na Afirka daga Amurka sun mai da gidan kayan tarihi a matsayin babban batu, sau da yawa wani abin da ya ji daɗi sosai, na alhazai suna fatan sake haɗuwa da al'adarsu. Al'adun Afirka. [10]
Shahararrun jiga-jigan duniya da suka zagaya da Maison des Esclaves a ziyarar da suka kai Senegal sun hada da Paparoma John Paul II, Nelson Mandela, Michael Jackson, da Barack Obama . [8] An ba da rahoton cewa Mandela ya tashi daga wani rangadi inda ya zauna shi kadai a cikin wani dakin kwana na tsawon mintuna biyar shiru yana tunani kan ziyarar da ya kai a shekarar 1997. [7] Obama ya zagaya kofar Ba Komawa a ziyararsa a 2013.
Nassoshi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 "Through the Door of No Return", TIMEeurope, June 27, 2004.
- ↑ Porter, Anna (2014). "Goree Island: The Door of No Return". Queen's Quarterly. 1: 43.
- ↑ Laurie Goering, "Role of Gorée Island in slave trade now disputed by historians". Chicago Tribune, February 1, 2005.
- ↑ UNESCO (2001).
- ↑ Adam Goodheart, "The World; Slavery's Past, Paved Over Or Forgotten". New York Times, July 13, 2003.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Empty citation (help)
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Howard W. French, "Goree Island Journal; The Evil That Was Done Senegal: A Guided Tour". The New York Times, Friday, March 6, 1998.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 John Murphy, "Powerful symbol, weak in facts". Slavery: A thriving tourist trade has been built around the dubious historic role of a Senegal island Archived 2013-07-03 at the Wayback Machine. Baltimore Sun, June 30, 2004.
- ↑ See the images of Ndaiye in NYT (2008) and UNESCO (2002).
- ↑ See Ebron (1999), Nicholls (2004), and Austen (2001).
Hanyoyin haɗi na waje
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Gorée : Tsibirin Slave . Labaran BBC. 8 ga Yuli, 2003.
- la Maison des Esclaves . Visite Virtuel d'Ile de Goree: UNESCO Heritage World Heritage Africa.
- Rahoto kan Aikin Taskokin Kasuwancin Bayi, ƙarƙashin Ƙwararren Shirin Duniya, a Dakar, Senegal, 7-11 Janairu 2002 Ahmed A. Bachr, UNESCO.
- Cibiyar Tarihin Duniya ta UNESCO 26 (1978) jeri: Tsibirin Goree .
- L'esclavage Archived 2009-04-27 at the Wayback Machine : Campagne internationale pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine architectural de l'île de Gorée. UNESCO (2001).