Yawon Buɗe Ido a Masar

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Yawon Buɗe Ido a Masar
tourism in a region (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na Yawon bude ido
Facet of (en) Fassara Yawon bude ido
Ƙasa Misra

Yawon buɗe ido na daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samun kudin shiga, mai mahimmanci ga tattalin arzikin Masar. A cikin kololuwar ta a cikin shekarar 2010, sashin ya ɗauki kusan kashi 12% na ma'aikata na Masar, [1] yana ba da kulawa a kusan baƙi miliyan 14.7 zuwa Masar, kuma yana ba da gudummawar kusan dala biliyan 12.5 [2] tare da ba da gudummawa fiye da 11% na GDP da 14.4 % na kudaden shiga na waje. [3]

Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Samun shiga daga yawon shakatawa (1982-2003)

Yawan masu yawon bude ido a Masar ya kai miliyan 0.1 a shekarar 1952. Yawon buɗe ido ya zama wani muhimmin bangare na tattalin arziki daga shekarar 1975 zuwa gaba, yayin da Masar ta sassauta takunkumin hana bizar ga kusan dukkan kasashen Turai da Arewacin Amurka tare da kafa ofisoshin jakadanci a sabbin kasashe kamar Austria, Netherlands, Denmark da Finland. A cikin shekarar 1976, yawon buɗe ido ya kasance babban jigon Shirin Gwamnati na Shekara Biyar, inda aka ware kashi 12% na kasafin kudin don inganta otal-otal mallakar gwamnati, kafa asusun lamuni na otal masu zaman kansu, da haɓaka abubuwan more rayuwa (ciki har da hanya, dogo, da haɗin iska) don manyan cibiyoyin yawon buɗe ido tare da yankunan bakin teku. A shekarar 1979, an kawo masana harkokin yawon bude ido da masu ba da shawara daga kasar Turkiyya, sannan aka kafa sabbin kwalejoji da dama tare da taimakon Turkiyya tsakanin shekarun 1979 zuwa 1981, don koyar da kwasa-kwasan difloma a fannin karbar baki da yawon bude ido. Yawan yawon bude ido ya karu zuwa miliyan 1.8 a shekarar 1981 sannan zuwa miliyan 5.5 a shekarar 2000. Masu zuwa yawon bude ido sun kai kololuwa a cikin shekarar 2010 ta hanyar kai maziyarta miliyan 14.7. [4] Kudaden shiga daga yawon bude ido ya kai dala biliyan 12.6 a cikin kasafin kudi na shekarar 2018-2019. A cikin shekarar 2020, kudaden shiga masu alaka da yawon bude ido sun ragu da kusan kashi 70% zuwa dala biliyan 4. Da yake ambaton ministan yawon bude ido da kayayyakin tarihi Khaled El-Enany, masu zuwa yawon bude ido na Masar sun ragu zuwa miliyan 3.5 a shekarar 2020.[5] A cikin watan Fabrairu 2022, Manajan Darakta na Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya (IMF), Kristalina Georgieva a cikin wani ɗaba'ar ta bayyana cewa ɓangaren yawon buɗe ido na Masar shine babban wanda ya yi hasarar barkewar cutar Coronavirus.[6]

Tasirin juyin-juya hali kan yawon bude ido[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Man crouched on top of the famous Qasr al-Nil Bridge stone fish, waving the Egyptian flag
Masu zanga-zangar a saman gadar Qasr al-Nil suna daga tutar Masar a lokacin zanga-zangar Janairun 2011.

A lokacin juyin juya halin Masar na 2011, adadin masu ziyara ya ragu da sama da kashi 37% a wannan shekarar ya fadi daga miliyan 14 a shekarar 2010 zuwa miliyan 9 a karshen shekarar 2011. Wannan ya shafi nau'o'in kasuwanci daban-daban kai tsaye ko a kaikaice da suka dogara da yawon buɗe ido, tun daga wurin tafiye-tafiye da wuraren yawon buɗe ido zuwa hayar mota da sufurin jiragen sama, da kuma masana'antar lafiya da walwala. Ma'aikatan yawon buɗe ido da ke ba da ragi mai yawa don ƙarfafa masu yawon bude ido da baya sun ɗan yi nasara a wuraren shakatawa na Bahar Maliya inda farashin ya ragu idan aka kwatanta da 2011.[7]

A farkon rabin shekarar 2014, adadin masu yawon bude ido ya kara raguwa da kashi 25% idan aka kwatanta da daidai wannan lokacin a shekarar 2013, yayin da kudaden shiga ya ragu da kashi 25%. [8]

A shekarar 2013, Masar ta zama ta 85 a matsayin kasa mafi kyau a duniya a fannin yawon bude ido da tafiye-tafiye, inda ta fadi matsayi goma daga matsayi na 75 a shekarar 2011. Koyaya, ta sake samun ƙasa a cikin martabar 2017 ana ƙima ta 75 gabaɗaya.[9] [10] Dangane da martabar 2019, Masar tana matsayi na 65 a gaba ɗaya. [11]

Isra'ilawa za su iya tsallakawa zuwa Masar na tsawon kwanaki 14 ba tare da biza ba a wasu yankuna kusa da Taba kuma suna zuwa jin daɗin wuraren da ke Tekun Riviera.[12] A cikin shekarar 2017, rukunin farko na Isra'ilawa sun ziyarci wuraren yawon buɗe ido da suka fi shahara tare da taimakon tsaro mai ƙarfi. Watanni 18 kenan da ko wanne rukunin 'yan yawon bude ido na Isra'ila ya ziyarci Masar. [13]

A cikin shekarar 2017, Bloomberg ya ce Masar ta "zubar da shekarunta na rikice-rikice na zamantakewa da siyasa" kuma ta zo a jerin manyan 20 na wuraren balaguro na 2017. [14] Hukumar kula da yawon bude ido ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNWTO) na baya-bayan nan ta bayyana cewa kasar Masar na daya daga cikin kasashen duniya da ake samun karuwar yawon bude ido. A shekarar 2017, adadin ya haura zuwa masu yawon bude ido miliyan 8 idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata wanda ya kai kimanin miliyan 5.26.[15]

Tsaro[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

'Yan sandan yawon bude ido a Masar

Babban jami'in kula da yawon bude ido da 'yan sandan tarihi na Masar ne ke gudanar da ayyukan tsaron yawon bude ido a Masar, wanda ke da alhakin raya tsare-tsare don kare masu yawon bude ido da kuma kare kayayyakin tarihi, gidajen tarihi da wuraren al'adu a cikin tsarin babban shirin ma'aikatar harkokin cikin gida ta Masar. Don cika sassan wannan manufa, gwamnati ta tabbatar da zirga-zirgar kungiyoyin yawon bude ido ta hanyar ba da sabis na kusa don rakiyar kungiyoyin yawon bude ido, ba da kariya ga wuraren yawon bude ido da wuraren tarihi da wuraren tarihi, ba da kariya ga balaguron balaguro da Nilu, yakar laifukan yawon bude ido da za a iya fallasa masu yawon bude ido. zuwa da laifukan archaeological, bin kamfanonin yawon shakatawa da shaguna da karɓar sanarwar masu yawon bude ido a kansu, buga motocin ceto 'yan sanda waɗanda ke tabbatar da kasancewar tsaro a duk garuruwan yawon buɗe ido, da tabbatar da kawar da laifukan keta haddi. Idan aka yi la'akari da matsayin Masar a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka, da kuma matsayinta a tsakiyar yankin da ake fama da rikici, an fuskanci ta'addanci da dama, wanda ya fi shahara shi ne lamarin Luxor a 1997, da na Alkahira a 2005, da Sharm . Al-Sheikh lamarin da ya faru a 2005, da Dahab a 2006 da kuma saukar da Metrojet Flight 9268.[16] [17] Dukkansu sun yi mummunan tasiri a fannin yawon shakatawa a lokacin. Koyaya, sashin yawon shakatawa ya dawo kuma ya dawo da aikinsa cikin sauri a cikin 2010s musamman bayan harin Hurghada na baya-bayan nan na 2017 don cimma mafi girman kudaden shiga na yawon shakatawa na shekara-shekara.[18]

Kididdiga[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yawon shakatawa a Masar a cikin 1995-2019 [19] [20]
Shekara Adadin masu yawon bude ido,



</br> miliyan 		Jimlar yawan dare,



</br> miliyan
1995 2.9
2000 5.2
2005 8.2
2010 14.7 147.4
2011 9.8 114.2
2012 11.5 137.8
2013 9.5 94.4
2014 9.9 97.3
2015 9.3 84.1
2016 5.4 37.2
2017 8.9
2018 11.3
2019 13.026 136
2020 3.5
Shekara Jimlar kudaden shiga,



</br> dalar Amurka biliyan
1995 3.0
2000 4.7
2005 7.2
2010 12.5
2011 8.7
2012 9.9
2013 6.0
2014 7.2
2015-2016 3.3
2016-2017 4.4
2017-2018 9.8
2018-2019 12.6
2020 4

Yawancin masu yawon bude ido da suka isa Masar a cikin 2019 sun fito ne daga yankuna masu zuwa:[21]

Daraja ƙasa Yawan masu yawon bude ido
1 Turai 8,400,000
2 Gabas ta Tsakiya 2,400,000
3 Afirka 911,000
4 Asiya da Oceania 688,000
5 Amurkawa 548,000

Yawancin masu yawon bude ido a Masar sun fito ne daga kasashe masu zuwa

Rank Country 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014
1 Template:Country data Germany 1,707,400 912,000 653,900 1,020,900 877,220
2 Template:Country data Ukraine 1,174,200 797,300 425,000 363,600 446,500
3  Saudi Arebiya 909,100 669,600 507,300 433,100 350,100
4  Birtaniya 435,000 319,400 231,300 869,500 905,700
5 Template:Country data Italy 422,000 225,100 131,500 332,900 400,400
6 Template:Country data Libya 410,700 336,400 282,800 268,500 211,000
7 Template:Country data Israel 405,400 235,000 234,700 161,000 140,400
8 Template:Country data Poland 303,700 177,400 67,200 207,300 302,800
9  Tarayyar Amurka 287,800 226,400 184,300 188,700 154,600
10 Template:Country data Belarus 274,000 162,500 54,000 149,600 166,600
11  Kazech 268,600 203,500 90,400 134,100 125,600
12  Sin 234,700 287,300 179,500 115,200 61,700
13 Template:Country data France 217,500 150,200 101,100 136,600 144,800
14  Jodan 208,300 211,800 179,800 177,100 170,800
15 Template:Country data Netherlands 189,700 151,800 82,800 150,400 126,800
16 Template:Country data Austria 164,700 122,900 67,500 144,800 130,500
17 Template:Country data Kuwait 164,500 176,600 150,400 139,700 120,900
18 Template:Country data Russia 145,600 94,000 53,900 2,389,900 3,139,000
19 Template:Country data Belgium 136,900 95,700 50,600 92,000 74,200
20 Template:Country data Palestine 136,000 73,900 68,300 62,200 114,100
Total Foreigner 11,300,000 8,900,000 5,400,000 9,300,000 9,900,000

A cikin shekarar 2020, kudaden shiga na yawon bude ido na Masar ya ragu da kusan kashi 70% zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 4, wanda ya rage masu zuwa yawon bude ido zuwa miliyan 3.5 daga miliyan 13.1 a shekarar 2019. Kamar yadda Babban Bankin Masar (CBE) ya bayyana, kudaden shigar Masar daga yawon bude ido na watannin kasafin kudin shekarar 2020-2021 ya ragu da kashi 67.4%. [22] A cewar Khaled al-Anani, matsakaicin adadin masu yawon bude ido da suka ziyarci Masar a watan Afrilun 2021 ya kusan kusan rabin adadin kowane wata na shekarar 2019.[23]

Mafi yawan adadin masu yawon bude ido zuwa Masar a cikin shekarar 2019 (kafin cutar ta Coronavirus ta duniya) sun fito ne daga Jamus (masu isowa miliyan 2.5) sai Ukraine (miliyan 1.5), Saudi Arabia (miliyan 1.4) da Libya (miliyan 0.75).[24]


Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Shark shark na teku yana iyo a Elphinstone Reef a Masar a cikin Bahar Maliya a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 2003
Giza Pyramids
Abu Simbel Temples
  1. ↑ "Egypt tourism numbers to fall less than feared", Reuters Africa, October 21, 2009
  2. ↑ Template:Cite conferenceAdla Ragab (January 14–15, 2014). Recent development of TSA in Egypt (PDF). Fourteenth Meeting of the Committee of Statistics and Tourism Satellite Account (TSA). Retrieved 9 October 2014.
  3. ↑ Matt Smith (11 September 2014). "Egypt tourist numbers to rise 5–10 pct in 2014 – minister". Reuters. Retrieved 9 October 2014.Matt Smith (11 September 2014). "Egypt tourist numbers to rise 5–10 pct in 2014 – minister" . Reuters. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
  4. ↑ "Egypt – international tourism" . Retrieved 11 October 2014.
  5. ↑ "Egypt eyes slow return for tourism after revenues dive in 2020" . Reuters. 4 January 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
  6. ↑ "Tourism in Egypt is the biggest loser of COVID-19: IMF official" . Egypt Independent. 14 February 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  7. ↑ "Travel and Tourism in Egypt, Travel and Tourism" . Retrieved 24 April 2013.
  8. ↑ Dalia Farouk (16 July 2014). "Egypt tourist numbers decline 20.5 pct in June year-on- year" . Ahram Online . Retrieved 9 October 2014.
  9. ↑ "Table 1: The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index 2013 and 2011 comparison" (PDF). Retrieved 11 October 2014.
  10. ↑ "Table 1: The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index 2015" . Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  11. ↑ "Table 1: The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index 2019" (PDF). Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  12. ↑ DK. DK Eyewitness Travel Guide: Egypt . DK Publishing; 2 February 2016. ISBN 978-1-4654-5320-4 . p. 334–.
  13. ↑ "Israeli tourists visit Egypt for first time in 18 months under high security: embassy" . Egypt Independent. January 5, 2017.
  14. ↑ "Where to Go in 2017" . Bloomberg. January 4, 2017.
  15. ↑ Haines, Gavin (August 7, 2017). "10 surprising destinations where tourism is booming in 2017" . The Telegraph – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
  16. ↑ Regev, Dana (15 July 2017). "Egypt's tourism industry suffers a critical blow" . DW. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  17. ↑ Aziz, Heba (1995). " "Understanding Attacks on Tourists in Egypt" ". Tourism Management . 16 (2): 91–95. doi :10.1016/0261-5177(94)00016-4Empty citation (help)
  18. ↑ Coffey, Helen (26 April 2017). "Why UK Tourists Should Consider Returning to Egypt on Holiday" . The Independent . Retrieved 27 July 2017.
  19. ↑ "Search:Egypt" . e-unwto. Retrieved 2018-01-02.
  20. ↑ "International tourism, number of arrivals - Egypt, Arab Rep. | Data" . data.worldbank.org
  21. ↑ "Egypt's tourism revenues decline to $4bn in 2020 from $13.03bn in 2019" . Daily News Egypt . 4 January 2021.
  22. ↑ "CBE: Egypt's tourism revenues fell by 67.4% in 2020-2021" . Egypt Independent. 30 June 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  23. ↑ "Egypt's average arrivals in April 2021 almost 50% of 2019 monthly median: El- Anani" . Daily News Egypt . Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  24. ↑ "Egypt tourism expenditure to nearly double in by 2024 -Colliers" . Enterprise . Retrieved 11 January 2022.
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