Yusufzai

Yusufzai

Yankuna masu yawan jama'a
Afghanistan da Pakistan

Yusufzai ko Yousafzai ( Pashto ), kuma ana kiransa Esapzai ( ايسپزی ), ko Yusufzai Afganistan a tarihi, daya ne daga cikin manyan kabilun Pashtuns . Su na asali ne a arewacin Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ( Malakand, Dir, Swat, Shangla, Buner, Swabi, Mardan, Bajaur, Peshawar, Tor Ghar ), inda suka yi hijira daga Kabul a cikin karni na 16, amma kuma suna nan. a sassan Afghanistan da suka hada da Kunar, Kabul, Kandahar da Farah . A waje da waɗannan ƙasashe, ana iya samun su a gundumar Ghoriwala Bannu ( Mughal Khel ), Balochistan Sibi ( Akazai ), Chagai ( Hassanzai ) da Rohilkandh .

Yawancin Yusufzai suna magana da nau'in Pashto na arewa da wasu nau'ikan kudancin Pashto (kamar yadda yake a cikin Mughal Khel ) da yaren Afganistan Farisa .

Etymology

A cikin ilimin harshe na Pashto, kamar yadda /f/ ke samuwa ne kawai a cikin kalmomin aro kuma ana son maye gurbinsu da /p/, yawanci ana kiran sunan Yusəpzay ko Īsəpzay . Sunan a zahiri yana nufin "zuriyar Yusuf " a cikin Pashto; يوسف‎ ( YUSUF</link> ) sunan namiji ne na Larabci da Aramaic da aka ba shi ma'ana "(Allah) zai kara

A cewar wasu masana, ciki har da masanin ilimin falsafa JW McCrindle, sunan Yūsəpzay ko Īsəpzay ya samo asali ne daga sunayen kabilanci na Aspasioi da Assakenoi - tsoffin mazaunan kwarin Kunar da kwarin Swat waɗanda suka ba da juriya lokacin da Alexander ya mamaye ƙasarsu a 327-326 KZ. . A cewar masanin tarihi RC Majumdar, Assakenoi sun kasance ko dai suna da alaƙa da ko kuma reshe na Aspasioi mafi girma, kuma duka waɗannan tsoffin sunayen kabilanci suna yiwuwa sun samo asali ne daga kalmar Aśvaka, wanda a zahiri yana nufin "masu doki", "masu kiwon doki", ko " masan doki ". " (daga aśva ko aspa, Sanskrit da kalmomin Avestan don " doki ").

McCrindle ya lura cewa: "Sunan Aśvaka ya nuna cewa ƙasarsu ta shahara a zamanin da, kamar yadda ake yi a yau, don mafi girman nau'in dawakai . Gaskiyar cewa Helenawa sun fassara sunansu zuwa "Hippasioi" (daga ἵππος . doki) ya nuna cewa tabbas sun san ma’anarsa”.

Sunan Aśvakan ko Assakan kuma shine asalin ƙabilanci Afghān, wanda tarihi ya yi amfani da shi ga dukan Pashtuns.

Asalin tarihi

Bisa ga wani sanannen tatsuniyar tarihi, wanda wani babban kotun Mughal na ƙarni na 17 Nimat Allah al-Harawi ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa Tārīkh-i Khān Jahānī wa Makhzan-i Afghānī, ƙabilar Yusufzai ta fito ne daga babban kakansu Yusufzai, wanda ɗan Mand ne, wanda ya fito. ɗan Khashay (ko Khakhay), wanda ɗan Kand ne, ɗan Kharshbūn, ɗan Saṛban (tsakanin ƙungiyar kabilar Sarbani ), wanda ɗan Qais Abdur Rashid ne (kakan dukan Pashtuns). Qais Abdur Rashid zuriyar Afghanistan ne, wanda aka bayyana shi a matsayin jikan sarkin Isra'ila Saul kuma babban kwamandan sojojin annabi Sulemanu . An yi iƙirarin cewa Qais ya yi zamani da annabin musulunci Muhammad kuma ɗan'uwan kwamandan larabawa Khalid ibn al-Walid . Lokacin da Khalid bn al-Walid ya kirayi Qais daga Ghor zuwa Madina, Qais ya karbi Musulunci kuma Annabi ya canza masa suna Abdur Rashīd (ma’ana “Bawan Jagora zuwa ga Madaidaiciya” ko kuma “Bawan Allah” a Larabci ). Abdur Rashid ya koma Ghor ya gabatar da Musulunci a can. Littafin ya bayyana cewa kakan Yusuf (kuma mahaifin Mand), Khashay, shi ma yana da wasu 'ya'ya biyu, Muk da Tarkalāṇī, waɗanda su ne kakannin Gigyani da Tarkani, bi da bi. Yusuf yana da ɗan'uwa ɗaya, Umar, wanda shi ne zuriyar kabilar Mandanr, wadda ke da alaƙa da Yusufzais.

Labarin Mughal na 1595 Ain-i-Akbari ya kuma ambaci al'adar zuriyar Isra'ila a tsakanin Pashtuns, wanda ya nuna cewa al'adar ta riga ta shahara tsakanin Pashtuns na ƙarni na 16.

Tarihi

Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da Babur

Babur yana tsallaka kogin Kunar akan wani rafi, yamma da Bajaur

A farkon zamanin nan, an fara ambata ƙabilar Yusufzai na Afganistan a Baburnama ta Babur, wani sarkin Timurid daga Fergana (a Uzbekistan ta yau ) wanda ya kama Kabul a 1504 . A ranar 21 ga Janairun 1519, makonni biyu bayan kisan kiyashin da ya yi a Bajaur, Babur ya rubuta cewa: “A ranar Juma’a mun yi tattaki zuwa Sawad ( Swat ), da nufin kai wa Yusufzai Afganistan hari, muka sauka a tsakanin ruwan Panjkora da hadaddiyar ruwan Chandāwal. Jandul) da Bajaur, Shah Mansur Yusufzai, sun kawo wasu kayan abinci masu daɗi masu daɗi .

Saboda ƙarfin soja da dabarun Yousafzai, Babur yana buƙatar tsaro daga wurin da suke a cikin tuddai wanda ke barazana ga daularsa kuma bai ba da damar fadada lafiya zuwa Indiya ba. A wani bangare na yarjejeniya da Yusufzai Afganistan don samun alakar iyali, Babur ya auri Bibi Mubarika, diyar Yusufzai shugaban Shah Mansur a ranar 30 ga Janairun 1519 don tsaron juna bayan ya kasa cin galaba a kan kabilar. Shah Mansur ya fifita zaman lafiya yayin da bangaren Malik Ahmad Khan ke adawa da duk wani kulla alaka. Bibi Mubarika ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kulla zumunci tsakanin sarakunan Yusufzai Pashtun tare da Babur, wanda daga baya ya kafa daular Mughal bayan ya doke Pashtun Sultan Ibrahim Lodi a yakin Panipat na farko a shekara ta 1526. Daya daga cikin 'yan'uwan Mubarika, Mir Jamal Yusufzai, ya raka Babur zuwa Indiya a 1525 kuma daga baya ya rike manyan mukamai a karkashin Mughal Emperors Humayun da Akbar . Duk da cewa akwai tuhuma a bangarorin biyu kuma Yusufzai bai taba biyan haraji ko haraji ga Babur ko wani Sarkin Mughal ba.

Yusufzai Mulki

Malak Ahmad Khan Yusufzai ya ci ƙasar Malakand division kuma Yusufzai ya kasance mai iko kuma fitaccen kabilar Malakand Agency. Manyan sassan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa sun kasance a karkashin mulkin Yusufzai kuma manyan sarakunan Yusufzai sune kamar haka.

• Malak Ahmad Khan Yusufzai (Mallaka; 1520 - 1535).
• Malak Gaju Khan Yusufzai (Mallaka; 1535 - 1553)
• Malak Misri Khan Ali Asghar Yusufzai (Mulkin; 1553 - 1580)
• Malak Ghazi Khan Yusufzai (Mulkin; 1580 - 1585)
• Malak Kalu Khan Yousafzai (Mulkin; 1585 - 1626).
• Malak Bhaku Khan Yusufzai (Mulkin; 1626 - 1675).

Bayan 1675, an raba sarautar Yusufzai zuwa yankuna 32 waɗanda suka rage a ƙarƙashin kowane Mashar (Jagora) na kabilar Yusufzai.

A shekara ta 1586, Akbar mai girma yayi ƙoƙari ya mamaye Malakand a yakin Malandari Pass (1586) amma ya kasa kuma ya zama babban bala'i ga daular Mughal a zamanin Akbar.

Fafatawar da dakarun Mughal

A cikin 1580s, yawancin Yusufzais da Mandanrs sun yi tawaye ga Mughals kuma suka shiga ƙungiyar Roshani na Pir Roshan . A ƙarshen 1585, Mughal Emperor Akbar ya aika da dakarun soji karkashin Zain Khan Koka da Birbal don murkushe tawayen. A watan Fabrairun 1586, an kashe kusan sojojin Mughal 8,000, ciki har da Birbal, kusa da Karakar Pass tsakanin Swat da Buner ta hannun Yusufzai lashkar karkashin jagorancin Kalu Khan . Wannan shi ne babban bala'i da sojojin Mughal suka fuskanta a zamanin Akbar.

A cikin 1630, karkashin jagorancin babban jikan Pir Roshan, Abdul Qadir, dubban Pashtuns daga Yusufzai, Mandanrs, Kheshgi, Mohmand, Afridi, Bangash, da sauran kabilu sun kaddamar da hari a kan sojojin Mughal a Peshawar . A cikin 1667, Yusufzai ya sake yin tawaye ga Mughals, tare da daya daga cikin manyansu a Swat ya shelanta kansa sarki. Muhammad Amin Khan ya kawo sojojin Mughal mai karfi 9,000 daga Delhi don murkushe tawayen. Duk da cewa Sarkin Mughal Aurangzeb ya iya cin nasara kan filayen kudancin Yusufzai a cikin kwarin Kabul na arewacin, ya kasa kwace Swat da kwarurukan da ke makwabtaka da su daga hannun Yusufzai.

Zaman Durrani

Patthargarh Fort a wajen Najibabad, wanda Najib ad-Dawlah Yusufzai ya kafa a Rohilkhand, Indiya.

Najib-ud-Daula da Shuja-ud-Daula, sun yi tattaki a gefen hagu na Ahmad Shah Durrani, wanda ke kan doki mai launin ruwan kasa, a lokacin yakin Panipat na uku, wanda shi ne adadi mafi yawa na asarar rayuka a rana guda da aka ruwaito a wani labari mai ban mamaki. yakin da aka samu tsakanin runduna biyu

Ahmad Shah Durrani (1747-1772), wanda ya kafa daular Durrani ta Afghanistan, ya kasassu dukkan kabilun Afganistan zuwa ulūs (ƙungiya na kabilanci) don dalilai na gudanarwa: Durrani, Ghilji, Sur, da Bar Durrani ("Upper Durranis"). Yusufzai ya kasance cikin ƙungiyar Bar Durrani tare da sauran kabilun Pashtun na gabas, ciki har da Mohmand, Afridi, Bangash, da Khattak . Bar Durrani kuma an san su da Rohilla, kuma sun ƙunshi yawancin Pashtuns waɗanda suka zauna a Rohilkhand, Indiya.

Najib-ud-Daula, wanda dan kabilar Yusufzai ne, ya kasance fitaccen sarkin Rohilla. A cikin 1740s, ya kafa birnin Najibabad a Rohilkhand. A cikin 1757, ya goyi bayan Ahmad Shah Durrani a harin da ya kai Delhi. Bayan nasararsa, Ahmad Shah Durrani ya sake nada Sarkin Mughal Alamgir II a kan karagar Delhi a matsayin shugaban Mughal, amma ya ba da ainihin ikon Delhi ga Najib ad-Daula. Daga 1757 zuwa 1770, Najib ad-Daula ya zama gwamnan Saharanpur, kuma yana mulkin Dehradun . A cikin 1761, ya shiga cikin yakin Panipat na uku kuma ya ba da dubban sojojin Rohilla da bindigogi da yawa ga Ahmad Shah Durrani don cin nasara kan Marathas . Ya kuma shawo kan Shuja-ud-Daula, Nawab na Awadh, ya shiga cikin sojojin Durrani. Kafin tashinsa daga Delhi, Ahmad Shah Durrani ya nada Najib-ud-Daula a matsayin Mir Bakshi (babban mai biyan albashi) na Sarkin Mughal Shah Alam II . Bayan mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1770, Najib ad-Dawlah ya gaje shi da dansa, Zabita Khan, wanda Marathas ya sha kaye a shekara ta 1772, wanda ya tilasta masa gudu daga Rohilkhand. Duk da haka, zuriyar Najib ad-Dawlah sun ci gaba da mulkin yankin Najibabad har sai da turawan Ingila suka ci su a Nagina a ranar 21 ga Afrilu 1858 a lokacin Tawayen Indiya na 1857 .

A yau, yawancin Yusufzai sun zauna a Indiya, musamman a yankin Rohilkhand, da kuma a Farrukhabad, wanda Pashtun Nawab Muhammad Khan Bangash ya kafa a 1714.

Jihar Dir

Tutar jihar Dir

A cikin Dir, zuriyar Akund Ilyas Yusufzai na karni na 17, wanda ya kafa birnin Dir, sun kafa harsashin mulkin Dir . A cikin 1897, Raj na Biritaniya ya haɗa da Dir kuma ya ba da taken "Nawab na Dir" ga Sharif Khan Akhunkhel, sarkin Dir (1886-1904).

Jihar Dir ta sarauta ta wanzu har zuwa 1969, bayan haka aka hade su zuwa Yammacin Pakistan, sannan a 1970 zuwa lardin Arewa maso Yamma ( Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ) na Pakistan. Yankin sa wani yanki ne na Buner na yau, Ƙananan Dir da Dir Upper.

Yousafzai of Ghoriwala

The most notable case of the sort is that of the Mughal Khels of Ghoriwala, a Yousafzai group, who conquered territory for themselves seven generations ago and still preserve in speech and physiognomy proof of their origin.

— Gazetteer of the Bannu District 1883

Kogin Kuram Bridge, gundumar Bannu

Daya daga cikin jikan Iliaszai ta hanyar Taje, wani mutum ne mai suna Gadezai, wanda ya haifi 'ya'ya biyar: Hassan, Behram, Ali Sher, Hussain, da Ibrahim. 'Ya'yan hudu na farko sun zauna a gundumar Buner na yau, yayin da Ibrahim ya rabu da su a lokacin kisan gillar da Ulugh Beg ya yi wa Yousafzai a Kabul . Da farko suna zaune a Kurram, zuriyar Ibrahim daga ƙarshe sun yi ƙaura zuwa Ghoriwala a gundumar Bannu ta yau .

Ibrahim yana da ɗa guda ɗaya mai suna Hassan Khan, kuma danginsa ana kiransa da Hassan Khel. Duk da haka, bayan daya daga cikin zuriyarsa, Mughal Khan Yousafzai, an san kabilarsa da Mughal Khel . Jagoranci da iyawar Mughal Khan ya taimaka wajen tabbatar da kabilarsa a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan kabilun Bannu masu daraja da daukaka. Jaffar Khan Yousafzai, jikan Mughal Khan, shi ma ya samu suna da matsayi a cikin dattawan gundumar. Ya kuma ba da umarnin gina wani kyakkyawan masallaci a Bannu Bazar a wajajen shekara ta 1820.

Itacen kabilanci na Mughal Khel daga Hayat-i-Afghani

Kabilar Mughal Khel tana da ƙabilu kamar haka: Qasim Khel, Jaffar Khel, Hakim Khel, da Muhammad Hassan Khel. Mughal Khel dai sun shafe sama da shekaru 300 suna mulki kuma suna rike da mukamin malik a Ghoriwala. Saboda shekaru aru-aru da suke rayuwa a wata kasa mai nisa da ’yan’uwansu, a hankali Mughal Khels suka shiga cikin al’ummar yankin, suna daukar abubuwan gida, ta haka suka rikide daga lafuzzan Hard Pashto zuwa Soft Pashto amma duk da haka a cikin maganganunsu da bayyanarsu da dadewa sun bata. ana iya gane haruffa.

Kamar yadda marubucin Bannu Gazetteer ya ce:

The most notable case of the sort is that of the Mughal Khels of Ghoriwala, a Yousafzai group, who conquered territory for themselves seven generations ago and still preserve in speech and physiognomy proof of their origin.

— Gazetteer of the Bannu District 1883

Yaren Pashto

Yusufzai Pashto, wanda shine iri-iri na Arewacin Pashto, shine babban nau'in Pashto a lardin Khyber Pakhtunkhwa na Pakistan. Wasu daga cikin baƙaƙensa sun bambanta da sauran yarukan:

Yaruka	ښ	ږ	tsãwa	cin	ta
Yusufzai Pashto	[x]	[ɡ]	[s, t͡s]	[z]	[d͡ʒ]
Gilji Pashto	[c]	[ʝ]	[t͡s]	[z]	[ʒ, z]
Durrani Pashto	[ʂ]	[ƙa]	[t͡s]	[d͡z]	[ʒ]

Al'umma

A tarihi ya kasu kashi Yusufzai Pashtun aristocracy zuwa al'ummomi da yawa bisa ga rukunonin yanki:

Khan

Khan ya yi nuni ga masu gidan Yusufzai. A cikin karni na 16, saint Sheikh Milli, babban mai martaba Yusufzai, ya rarraba ƙasar Yusufzai a tsakanin manyan dangin Yusufzai ( khēl ). Duk da haka, don guje wa rashin daidaito, ya ba da umarnin kada filayen su zama mallakin dangi na dindindin, a maimakon haka a sake raba su a cikin dangin ubanni lokaci-lokaci bayan kowace shekara goma ko makamancin haka. A cikin wannan tsarin ( wēsh ), kowane khān mai mallakar ƙasa zai mallaki hannun jari ( brakha ) wanda ke wakiltar rabonsa na jimlar yanki da aka rarraba. Ta hanyar jujjuyawar mallaka na yau da kullun, masu mallakar Yusufzai za su yi ƙaura har zuwa mil 30 don sabon rabon su bayan kowace zagayowar, kodayake masu hayar da ke noman ƙasar za su ci gaba da kasancewa.

Tsarin wesh yana aiki tsakanin Yusufzai na yankin Swat har zuwa aƙalla 1920s.

Hamsaya

Hamsāya ko "masu raba inuwa" su ne abokan ciniki ko masu dogaro daga wasu (wanda ba Yusufzai ba) ƙabilar Pashtun waɗanda suka kasance masu alaƙa da kabilar Yusufzai tsawon shekaru.

Faqir

Faƙīr ko “talakawa” su ne waɗanda ba Ba Pashtun ba, waɗanda ba su da ƙasa waɗanda aka ba wa masu gonakin Yusufzai. A matsayinsu na masu dogaro da kai, faqir ya kasance yana biyan hayar filin da suka noma.

A cikin karni na 19, banbance tsakanin hamsāya a matsayin "ƙabilar Pashtun masu dogaro" da faqīr a matsayin "ƙauran da ba Pashtun marasa ƙasa ba" ya zama duhu. Duk waɗannan sharuɗɗan an yi amfani da su ta hanyar musanyawa don kawai ana nufin masu dogaro da ƙasa ko abokan ciniki.

Maltəṛ

mlātəṛ ko "magoya bayan" sun ba da hidima ga ma'abotansu a matsayin masu sana'a ( kasabgar ), mawaƙa ( ɗəm ), makiyaya, ko wakilan kasuwanci, galibi don biyan kuɗi a cikin hatsi ko shinkafa.

Ghulām

Ghulām ko “bayi” sun fi kusanci da majiɓincinsu da danginsa kuma galibi ana ba su amana iri-iri a cikin gidan ubangijinsu. Ko da yake ghām ba su da 'yanci idan aka kwatanta da hamsaya ko faqir, amma gabaɗaya sun sami matsayi mafi girma a cikin al'umma.

Kabilanci

• Azizkhhel
• Akazai
• Babuzai
• Shamozai
• Balarkhel
• Chagharzai
• Daganhel
• Hassanzai
• Kamalzai
• Khan Khel
• Khwaja Khel (Khwajgan)
• Madakhel
• Mahabatkhel
• Malizai
• Mandanr
  • Abakhel
  • Khadarzai
  • Utmanzai
• Mughal Khel
• Niamatkhel
• Nikpikhel
• Ranizai
• Tahirkheli

Sanannen Yusufzais/Yousafzais

• Gaju Khan, Pashtun Revolutionary and ruler who once served under Sher Shah Sur
• Shaukat Ali Yousafzai, Journalist and PTI leader
• Gohar Ali Khan, Lawyer and Chairman of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI)
• Mashal Yousafzai, Chief advisor to the Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and lawyer for PTI
• Bibi Mubarika, Empress Consort of the Mughal Empire
• Malak Ahmad Khan Yusufzai, "Founder of Pakhtunkhwa" who fought for control of northern Khyber and Pakhtunkhwa to expand the Yusufzai tribe
• Bahaku Khan Yousafzai, Afghan Warrior who fought in the Sixth Afghan-Mughal War of 1667-1678
• Kalu Khan Yusufzai (16th Century), Afghan chieftan leader who rallied his tribe and rebelled against Mughal Emperor Akbar and inflicted one of their greatest defeats in 1586
• Hafiz Alpuri, Pashto Poet of the 18th Century
• Haji Musa Khan, Pashtun tribal leader martyr who refused to give up ground to the Taliban
• Malala Yousafzai (born 1997), Pashtun female education activist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, from the Dalokhel Subclan
• Ziauddin Yousafzai (born 1969), Pashtun education activist and father of Malala Yousafzai, from the Dalokhel Subclan
• Khan Roshan Khan, Pashtun historian
• Najib ad-Dawlah Yousafzai, Afghan serviceman who fought with Ahmad Shāh's Durrani Empire to Victory at Panipat, 1761
• Malak Ghazi Khan Yusufzai, was the fourth ruler of Pakhtunkhwa State. Ghazi Khan was martyred in the battle against the Mughals
• Karnal Sher Khan, Military officer who was martyred in the Kargil War and decorated with the awarded Nishan-e-Haider for highest Wartime Gallantry of Pakistan
• Rahimullah Yusufzai, Journalist who once interviewed Osama Bin Laden
• Sami Yousafzai, Afghan Journalist
• Nisar Muhammad Yousafzai, Socialist Revolutionary, decorated War Hero of the Afghan War of Independence as well as a founding father for the nation of Tajikistan
• Abdul Ghafoor Yusufzai, Afghan footballer representing the Kingdom of Afghanistan in the 1948 Summer Olympic Games
• Mohammad Sarwar Yousafzai, Afghan footballer who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics
• Ahmad Yusufzai, Afghan field hockey player
• Hamidullah Yousafzai, Afghan football player who played for Afghanistan national football team
• Abaseen Yousafzai, Poet and famous writer
• Sartor Faqir, was a Pashtun tribal Yusufzai leader and a freedom fighter. The faqīr declared a Jihād against the British Empire, unsuccessfully in 1895, then successfully in 1897
• Nisar Muhammad Khan, specialised in Pashto language and culture
• Azimullah Khan Yusufzai, Afghan warrior hero of the Great Revolt of 1857 against the British East India Company
• Malik Jamroz Khan, Pashtun tribal leader and among the founders of the Princely State of Swat
• Afzal Khan Lala, Pashtun nationalist, NAP affiliate and former provincial and federal minister of NWFP
• Kabir Stori, Pashtun nationalist, poet and writer who founded the Pashtuns Social Democratic Party, refused offers to join government from President Najibullah and was imprisoned by the military regime of Zia-ul-Haq
• Asmatullah Rohani, Afghan judge, educator and a human rights activist during the PDPA regime
• Jafar Khan Yusufzai, former Raes of Mughal Khel Tappa, Bannu
• Madhubala, Indian Bollywood actress and superstar

Bayanan kula

•  In Pashto, "Yusufzai" (یوسفزی‎, [jusəpˈzai]) is the masculine singular form of the word. Its feminine singular is "Yusufzey" (یوسفزۍ, [jusəpˈzəi]), while its plural is "Yusufzee" (یوسفزي, [jusəpˈzi]).