Abubakar

Abubakar
1. Khalifofi shiryayyu 8 ga Yuni, 632 - 22 ga Augusta, 634 - Sayyadina Umar →
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Makkah, 27 Oktoba 573
Ƙabila	Ƙuraishawa
Mutuwa	Madinah, 23 ga Augusta, 634 (Gregorian)
Makwanci	Masallacin Annabi
Ƴan uwa
Mahaifi	Abu Quhafa
Mahaifiya	Salma Umm-ul-Khair
Abokiyar zama	Qutaylah bint Abd-al-Uzza (en) Habiba bint Kharija (en) Fatima bint e zaid (en) Asma bint Umays (en)
Yara	view Aisha Abd Allah ibn Abi Bakr Abdul-Rahman dan Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (en) Asma'u bint Abi Bakr Ummu Kulthum bint Abi Bakr
Karatu
Harsuna	Larabci
Sana'a
Sana'a	ɗan siyasa, maiwaƙe da Ɗan kasuwa
Aikin soja
Ya faɗaci	Yaƙin Uhudu
Imani
Addini	Musulunci

Abū Bakr aṣ-Ṣiddīq ‘Abdallāh bin Abī Quḥāfah (Larabci: أبو بكر الصديق عبد الله بن أبي قحافة‎; Ya rayu daga shekara ta 573 CE zuwa 23 Agustan shekarar 634 CE), An haife shine a 27 ga watan Octoban shekara ta 573,a garin Makkah, Kasar Saudiya.Ya rasu a 23 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 634, a garin Madina An fi sanin sa da sunan Abu Bakar, Ya kasance Babban Sahabi kuma Sirikin Manzon Allah ne, Annabi Muhammad tsira da aminci Allah su tabbata a gare shi. Abu Bakar shi ne mutum na farko daya musulunta wanda badaga cikin dangin manzon Allah yake ba, Abu Bakar ya kasance mai biyayya ga Manzon Allah yayin rayuwarsa.

Abu Bakar أبو بكر Al-Siddiq

Amir al-Mu'mineenn Lokaci Khalifancinsa 8 Yuni 632 zuwa 23 Agusta 634 Shi ne Kalifa na farko da aka Samar akan wanda zai jagoranci musulmai bayan rasuwar Manzon Allah. An binne shi a masallacin Manzon Allah, a garin Madinah.

An haifi Abu Bakr a shekara ta 573 CE ga Abu Quhafa da Umm Khayr. Shi dan kabilar Banu Taim ne. A zamanin jahiliyya, ya kasance mai tauhidi kuma yayi Allah wadai da bautar gumaka. A matsayinsa na hamshakin dan kasuwa, Abubakar ya kasance yana ‘yanta bayi. Bayan musulunta a shekara ta 610, Abu Bakr ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mataimaki ga Muhammadu, wanda ya ba shi lakabin "al-Siddiq" ('Mai Gaskiya/Mai adalci'). Na farko dai ya halarci kusan dukkan yakokin da aka yi a karkashin manzon Allah. Ya ba da gudummawar dukiyarsa da yawa don tallafawa aikin Muhammadu da kuma cikin makusantan Muhammad. Ya kuma raka Muhammad akan hijirarsa zuwa Madina. Ta hanyar gayyatar Abubakar, manyan Sahabiyawa da yawa sun zama Musulmai. Ya kasance babban mashawarci na kusa ga Muhammadu, kasancewar kusan duk rikice-rikicen sojansa. Babu Muhammadu Abubakar ya jagoranci sallah da balaguro.

Bayan mutuwar Muhammad a shekara ta 632, Abu Bakr ya ci nasarar jagorancin al'ummar musulmi a matsayin Halifa Rashidun na farko. Zaben nasa dai ya samu adawa da dimbin jagororin kabilu masu tawaye, wadanda suka yi ridda daga Musulunci. A lokacin mulkinsa, ya sha fama da tashe-tashen hankula da dama, wadanda aka fi sani da Yakin Ridda, wanda a sakamakon haka ya sami damar hada kai tare da fadada mulkin daular Musulmi a kan daukacin yankin Larabawa. Ya kuma ba da umarnin fara kutsawa cikin daulolin Sassaniya da Byzantine makwabta, wanda a cikin shekaru da suka biyo bayan mutuwarsa, za su haifar da mamayar musulmi na Farisa da Levant. Baya ga siyasa, Abu Bakr kuma ana yaba masa don harhada Alqur'ani, wanda ya kasance yana da kundin rubutun halifa na kansa. Abubakar ya nada babban mashawarcinsa Umar (r. 634–644) a matsayin magajinsa kafin ya rasu a watan Agustan 634. Tare da Muhammad, an binne Abu Bakr a cikin 'Green Dome' a Al-Masjid an-Nabawi a Madina, wuri na biyu mafi tsarki. a Musulunci. Ya rasu ne sakamakon rashin lafiya bayan ya shafe shekaru 2 da watanni 2 da kwana 14, Halifan Rashidun daya tilo da ya rasu a dalilin halitta. Duk da cewa lokacin khalifancinsa bai yi kankanta ba, amma ya hada da mamaye dauloli biyu mafiya karfi na lokacin, nasara mai ban mamaki a cikinta. Ya kafa wani yanayi na tarihi wanda a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata zai kai ga daya daga cikin manyan dauloli a tarihi. Nasarar da ya yi a kan sojojin Larabawa 'yan tawaye na cikin gida wani muhimmin bangare ne na tarihin Musulunci. Abu Bakr yana da girma a tsakanin musulmi.

Nasaba da Lakabi

Cikakken sunan Abubakar shine Abdullahi bn Abi Quhafa bn Amir bn Amr bn Ka'b bn Sa'd bn Taym bn Murrah bn Ka'b bn Lu'ayy bn Ghalib bn Fihr. Zuriyarsa ta hadu da zuriyar Muhammad a ƙarni na shida tare da Murrah ibn Ka'b. An ambace shi a cikin Alkur'ani sau biyu.

Abdullahi

A Larabci, sunan Abd Allah yana nufin “bawan Allah”. Wannan shine sunan haihuwarsa.

Abubakar

Wannan laƙabin (kunya) an yi masa suna tun yana ƙarami lokacin da ya girma a cikin ƙabilar ƙauye kuma ya kasance mai son raƙuma. Ya yi wasa da ’yan maruƙa da awaki, yana samun wannan laƙabin “Abubakar,” ma’ana “uban raƙumi”. "bakir" a cikin Larabci matashi ne amma ya riga ya girma raƙumi.

Ateeq

Ɗaya daga cikin sunayensa na farko, kafin musuluntarsa, shine Ateeq, ma'ana "mai ceto". A wata ruwaya mai rauni a cikin Tirmizi, Annabi Muhammad daga baya ya sake maimaita wannan suna inda ya ce Abubakar shi ne “Ateeq Allah daga wuta” ma’ana “amince” ko “amince” da tarayya da Allah yana nuna kusanci da kariyarsa. wallahi.

Al-Siddiq

Muhammad ne ya kira shi Al-Siddiq (Mai gaskiya) bayan ya gaskata shi a waki’ar Isra’ila da Mi’iraji lokacin da wasu mutane ba su yi ba, kuma Ali ya tabbatar da wannan lakabi sau da yawa. An kuma ruwaito shi a cikin Alkur’ani mai girma a matsayin “na biyu na biyun da ke cikin kogo” dangane da waki’ar Hijira, inda tare da Muhammad ya boye a cikin kogon Jabal Thawr daga jam’iyyar Makka da aka aiko bayansu.

Al-Sahib

An kira shi da daraja da sunan “al-sahib” (sahabi) a cikin Alkur’ani yana mai bayyana matsayinsa na sahabi Annabi Muhammad a lokacin da ya buya daga kuraishawa a kogon Jabal Thawr a lokacin Hijira zuwa Madina:

"Ba kome idan kun ki ku taimake shi, kuma lalle ne Allah Yã taimake shi a lõkacin da kãfirai suka fitar da shi daga Makka, kuma bai kasance ba fãce dayan biyu.  Yayin da su biyun ke cikin kogon, sai ya tabbatar wa abokin nasa, “Kada ka damu;  Lalle Allah yana tare da mu."  Sai Allah Ya saukar da natsuwarSa a kan Annabi( SAW), kuma Ya taimake shi da rundunonin da ba ku gani ba, kuma Ya sanya kalmar kãfirai mafi ƙasƙanta, kuma kalmar Allah ita ce maɗaukakiya.  Kuma Allah Mabuwayi ne, Mai hikima.[9:40 -Alqur'ani bayyananne]."

Al-Atqa

A cikin wani hadith da ibn Abbas ya ruwaito tafsirin sura ta 92 na Alqur’ani daga bakin imam Suyuti zamu sami kalmar “al-atqā” (Larabci: الأتقى), ma’ana “mafi tsoron Allah,” “mafi adalci”. “ko kuma “mafi tsoron Allah” ana nufin Abubakar a matsayin misali ga muminai.

Sabõda haka, Nã yi muku gargaɗi da wata wutã mai hushi, bãbu mai ƙõnuwa a cikinta fãce mafi shaƙãwa, kuma ya kãfirta, kuma ya bijire. Amma salihai za a tsira daga gare ta—waɗanda suke ba da ˹wasu daga cikin dũkiyõyinsu kawai don tsarkake kansu, ba wai don neman yardar wani ba, amma suna neman yardar Ubangijinsu, Maɗaukaki. [92:14-21] Lalle ne za su yarda.

Al-Awāh

“Al-Awāh” (Larabci: الأواه) yana nufin wanda ya yawaita roƙon Allah, mai jin ƙai, kuma mai tausasawa. Ibrahim al-Nakha'i ya ce Abubakar kuma ana kiransa al-awāh saboda halinsa na jinƙai.

Farkon Rayuwa

An haifi Abu Bakr a Makka a wani lokaci a shekara ta 573 AZ, ga wani gida mai arziki a kabilar Banu Taym na kawancen kabilar Kuraishawa. Sunan mahaifinsa Uthman kuma an ba shi kunya Abu Quhafa, mahaifiyarsa kuwa ita ce Salma bint Sakhar wacce aka yiwa laqabin Ummul-Khair.

Ya yi ƙuruciyarsa kamar sauran yaran Larabawa na lokacin, daga cikin Badawiyyawa waɗanda suke kiran kansu Ahl-i-Ba'eer- mutanen raƙumi, kuma suka sami sha'awar raƙuma. A shekarunsa na farko ya yi wasa da ’ya’yan rakumi da akuya, kuma son rakumi ya sa ake masa lakabi da (kunya) “Abubakar”, mahaifin marakin rakumi.

Kamar sauran ƴaƴan dangin ƴan kasuwa na Makka, Abu Bakr ya kasance mai ilimi kuma ya sami sha'awar waƙa. Ya kasance yana halartar bikin baje kolin shekara-shekara a Ukaz, kuma yana shiga cikin baje kolin wakoki. Yana da kyakkyawan tunani kuma yana da kyakkyawar masaniya game da asalin ƙabilun Larabawa, labaransu da siyasarsu.

An adana labari cewa, lokacin yana ƙarami, mahaifinsa ya kai shi ɗakin Ka'aba, ya roƙe shi ya yi addu'a a gaban gumaka. Mahaifinsa ya tafi don halartar wani kasuwanci, kuma Abubakar ya kasance shi kaɗai. Da yake yiwa wani gunki magana, Abubakar ya ce: "Ya Ubangijina, ina bukatan tufafi masu kyau, ka bani su". Tsafi ya kasance ba ruwansa. Sai ya yi wa wani gunki magana, ya ce, “Ya Allah ka ba ni abinci mai dadi, ka ga ina jin yunwa”. Tsafi ya yi sanyi. Hakan ya gagara haqurin saurayi Abubakar. Ya ɗaga dutse, ya yi magana ga gunki, ya ce, "Ga shi, ina nufin dutse, idan kai ne Allah ka tsare kanka." Abubakar ya jefi gunkin ya bar Ka'aba. Ko ta yaya, ya rubuta cewa kafin ya musulunta, Abubakar ya kasance dan hanif ne kuma bai taba bautar gumaka ba.

Karbar Addinin Musulinci

Lokacin da ya dawo daga balaguron kasuwanci a Yemen, abokai sun sanar da shi cewa a cikin rashi, Muhammadu ya ayyana kansa a matsayin manzon Allah. Masanin tarihi Al-Tabari, a cikin littafinsa Tarikh al-Tabari, ya kawo daga Muhammad bn Sa'ad bn Abi Waqqas, wanda ya ce: "Na tambayi mahaifina ko Abubakar shine farkon musulmi? Ya ce: A’a, fiye da mutane hamsin ne suka musulunta kafin Abubakar; amma ya fi mu a matsayinmu na musulmi. Kuma Umar bn al-Khattab ya musulunta bayan maza arba'in da biyar mata ashirin da ɗaya. Amma wanda ya fi kowa a fagen Musulunci da imani, shi ne Ali bn Abi Talib."

Wasu Sunni da dukkan Shi'a sun yarda cewa mutum na biyu da ya karɓi Muhammad a matsayin manzon Allah a bainar jama'a shine Ali ibn Abi Talib, farkon matar Muhammad Khadija. Ibn Kathir, a cikin Al Bidaya Wal Nihayah, yayi watsi da wannan. Ya bayyana cewa mace ta farko da ta musulunta ita ce Khadijah. Zayd ibn Harithah shine bawa na farko da ya 'yanta ya musulunta. Ali bn Abi Talib shi ne yaro na farko da ya musulunta, domin bai kai ma balaga ba a lokacin, yayin da Abubakar shi ne mutum na farko da ya musulunta.

Rayuwa ta gaba a Makka

Matarsa Qutaylah bint Abd-al-Uzza ba ta karɓi Musulunci ba sai ya sake ta. Wata matarsa, Um Ruman, ta musulunta. Duk 'ya'yansa sun yarda da Musulunci in ban da Abd al-Rahman, wanda Abubakar ya barranta daga gare shi. Musuluntarsa kuma ya jawo mutane da yawa zuwa Musulunci. Ya ja hankalin abokansa na kut-da-kut da su musulunta, ya kuma gabatar da Musulunci ga sauran abokansa ta yadda da yawa daga cikinsu ma suka yarda da imani. Wadanda suka musulunta bisa nacewar Abubakar su ne:

• Uthman Ibn Affan (wanda zai zama halifa na uku)
• Al-Zubayr (wanda ya taka rawa a yakin Masar na musulmi)
• Talha bn Ubayd-Allah, baffansa kuma babban sahabin annabi.
• 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf (wanda zai kasance wani muhimmin bangare na Halifancin Rashidun)
• Sa'ad bn Abi Waqqas (wanda ya taka rawa a fafatawar musulunci na Farisa)
• Abu Ubaidah bn al-Jarrah (wanda ya kasance babban kwamandan rundunar Rashidun a Levant)
• Abu Salama, dan uwa ne ga Annabi Muhammadu.
• Khalid bn Sa’id (wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Janar a karkashin rundunar Rashidun a Sham).

Karɓar Abubakar ta zama wani ci gaba a cikin aikin Muhammadu. Bauta ta zama ruwan dare a Makka, kuma bayi da yawa sun karɓi Musulunci. A lokacin da dan ’yanci na gari ya karbi Musulunci, duk da adawar da ake yi masa, zai samu kariya daga kabilarsa. Ga bayi, duk da haka, babu irin wannan kariyar kuma yawanci suna fuskantar tsanantawa. Abubakar ya ji tausayin bayi, sai ya sayi takwas (maza hudu da mata hudu) sannan ya ‘yanta su, ya biya dinari 40,000 don ‘yancinsu. Mazajen sune:

1. Bilal bin Rabah
2. Abu Fukah
3. Ammar bin Yasir
4. Abu Fuhayra

Matan sun kasance:

1. Lubaynah
2. Al-Nahdiah
3. Ummu Ubay
4. Harithah bint al-Muammil

Mafi yawan bayin da Abubakar ya 'yanta, ko dai mata ne ko kuma tsoffi kuma maza ne masu rauni. Da baban Abubakar ya tambaye shi me ya sa bai ‘yanta bayi masu karfi da matasa ba, wadanda za su iya zama madogara a gare shi, sai Abubakar ya amsa masa da cewa yana ‘yanta bayi ne saboda Allah, ba don kansa ba.

Zaluncin Kuraishawa, 613

BABBAN LANARIN: Zaluntar Musulmai daga Makka Shekaru uku bayan haifuwar Musulunci, Musulmai sun asirta imaninsu. A cikin 613, bisa ga al'adar Musulunci, Allah ya umurce Muhammadu ya kira mutane zuwa Musulunci a fili. Abu Bakr ya gabatar da jawabin farko ga jama'a don yin mubaya'a ga Muhammad. A fusace samarin kabilar kuraishawa suka garzaya wurin Abubakar suka yi masa duka har sai da ya suma. Bayan faruwar wannan lamari sai mahaifiyar Abubakar ta musulunta. Kuraishawa sun tsananta wa Abubakar sau da yawa. Ko da yake da akidar Abubakar da danginsa sun kare, amma ba haka ba ne ga daukacin kabilar Kuraishawa.

Shekarar karshe a Makka

A shekara ta 617, Kuraishawa sun tilasta wa Banu Hashim kauracewa. Muhammad tare da magoya bayansa daga Banu Hashim, an yanke su ne a hanyar wucewa daga Makka. An yanke duk wata alaka ta zamantakewa da Banu Hashim kuma jiharsu ta kasance a gidan yari.[Bayyanawa] Kafin a yi hijira da yawa daga Musulmai zuwa Abyssinia (yanzu Habasha). Abu Bakr yana cikin bacin rai ya tashi ya nufi kasar Yemen daga nan ya nufi Abisiniya. Ya gamu da wani abokinsa mai suna Ad-Dughna (shugaban kabilar Qarah) a wajen Makka, wanda ya gayyaci Abubakar don neman kariyarsa daga kuraishawa. Abu Bakr ya koma Makka, hakan ya masa sauki, amma jim kadan saboda matsin Kuraishawa, sai Ad-Dughna ya yi watsi da kariyarsa. Kuraishawa sun sake samun 'yanci don tsananta wa Abubakar.

A shekara ta 620, kawun Muhammad kuma mai kare shi, Abu Talib bn Abd al-Muttalib, da matar Muhammad Khadija ya rasu. 'Yar Abubakar Aisha ta kasance ango da Muhammad; duk da haka, an yanke shawarar cewa za a gudanar da ainihin daurin auren daga baya. A cikin 620 Abu Bakr shine mutum na farko da ya fara ba da shaida ga Muhammad Isra'i da Mi'raj (Tafiyar Dare).

Matansa

• Qutaylah bint Abd-al-Uzza (sun rabu)
• Umm Rumān Asma bint Umais
• Habibah bint Kharijah

Yaransa Maza

1. Abdullah ibn Abi Bakar
2. Abdul-Rahman ibn Abi Bakar
3. Muhammad ibn Abi Bakar

Yaransa Mata

1. Asma bint Abi Bakar
2. Aisha

Ummu Khultum bint Abi Bakar

Cikakken suna

(Abū Bakar) Abdullāh bin Abī Quḥāfa (عبد الله بن أبي قحافة (أبو بكر

Mahaifinsa

Uthman Abu Quhafa

Mahaifiyarsa

Salma Umm-ul-Khair

Yan'uwansa maza

• Mu'taq
• Utaiq
• Quhafah ibn Uthman

Yan'uwansa mata

• ta: Fadra Qareeba Umme-e-Aamer Kabila: Quraysh (Banu Taym) Zuri'arsu: Siddiqui Addini: Islamah Sana'arsa: Kasuwanci, yayi Khalifanci na tsawon shekara.