Babban Gwani
 Babban Gwani | |
|---|---|
| Rayuwa | |
| Mutuwa | 1862 |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | masu kirkira |
Babban Gwani, wanda aka fi sani da Mallam Mikhaila, ya kasance hamshakin masanin gine -ginen kasar Hausa na karni na 19, wanda ya bunkasa a zamanin mulkin Zazzau na Najeriya na 61, Abd al-Karim ɗan Abbas. Shi ne Sarkin Maigini (babban magini) na zamaninsa, wanda Shehu Usman dan Fodio ya nada. Wannan matsayi ya kasance ga zuriyarsa maza kai tsaye.[1][2]
Rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Mallam Mikhaila a Zaria, a cikin masarautar Zazzau, ga dangin masu sana'a na Hausa. A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, ya yi kayan wasa da siffofi daga yumbu. Sana'ar sa ta sa ake masa lakabi da Gwani, wanda ke nuni da mai sana'a. An ba da wannan laƙabi ga wasu zaɓaɓɓun masu sana'a a cikin ƙarni biyu da suka gabata, tare da jimlar mutane shida sun sami wannan karramawa.[3][4][5] : 14 Yayin da Mikhaila ya girma, sunansa ya ci gaba da karuwa, musamman saboda kwarewarsa wajen gina gine-ginen laka, ya hau kan lakabin Babban Gwani, yana nufin 'babban gwani' ko 'babban magini'. A halin yanzu, wannan lakabin ya kebantu ne ga zuriyarsa maza, yayin da nadin Gwani ke da alaka da dalibansa. [3]
Sunan Mikhaila na farko ya samo asali ne daga saurin aikin gini. Ya fi son yin gini da dare, sau da yawa yana kammala wani yanki mai yawa na tsarin da rana mai zuwa. Wataƙila ruhaniyarsa ne ya motsa wannan jaddawalin aikin dare, domin wataƙila ya ɗauki aikin gini a matsayin ƙoƙari na ruhaniya. Ma'aikatansa sun ƙunshi kusan ma'aikata ɗari, da farko bayi, waɗanda aka ba wa amanar aikin tattara laka da yumbu a shirye-shiryen aikinsa na yamma. An kuma san shi da rashin yin wani shiri na gini, yana dogaro da tsarin inganta ginin.
Sunansa na kara girma a fadin kasar Hausa, ya ja hankalin sabbin sarakuna da jami'an da suka biyo bayan jihadin Sokoto. Sarkin sarakunan ya nemi gwanintarsa don ginawa da kuma tsara abubuwan tarihi da ke nuna 'zafin' yunkurin Musulunci karkashin jagorancin masu jihadi. A cikin 1824, wani ɗan ƙasar Scotland mai binciken Hugh Clapperton ya shaida Mikhaila a wurin aiki da ke kula da gina sabon masallaci wanda Gidado dan Laima, Wazirin Sokoto ya ɗauki nauyin ginawa. Clapperton ya kwatanta Mikhaila a matsayin "karamin mutum mai wayo." Masallacin shi ne babban masallacin birnin Sakkwato na uku kuma yana yammacin masallacin Uthman dan Fodio da fada.
An kashe Mallam Mikhaila ne a hannun Sarkin Birnin Gwari . Hakan ya biyo bayan nadin da sarki ya yi na wani masallaci, da nufin kwaikwayi irin girman Masallacin Juma’an Zariya. Babban abin da sarki ya sa a gaba a wannan aiki shi ne ya samar da wani tsari mai girman gaske wanda babu wani gini da zai kai wanda ya kai na Birnin Gwari.
Sanannen ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masallacin Juma'an Zaria
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Za a iya cewa, aikin da Malam Mikhaila ya yi na yin suna shi ne Masallacin Juma’a na Zariya, wanda aka fi sani da Masallacin Juma’an Zariya, wanda aka kammala a shekarun 1830 a zamanin Sarkin Zazzau Abd al-Karim (1834-1846).[6][7] : 85 An ce Mikhaila ya bar tambarin hannunsa sama da baka a cikin ginin.
Ya ƙunshi rukunin gine-gine da suka haɗa da babban ɗakin ibada, Kotun Shari'a, da ɗakunan alwala. A wajen ginin masallacin, Mikhaila ta samu kwarin gwiwa daga fasahohin gine-gine na gargajiyar Hausawa daban-daban. Ya kuma hada da abubuwan da aka yi wahayi zuwa ga tantunan Fulani makiyaya. Fulbe, bisa ga al'adar makiyaya, ya koma cikin manyan sarakunan kasar Hausa bayan Jihadin Sokoto. Wannan sauye-sauyen ya ga tsarin tantin su na wucin gadi ya samo asali zuwa gidajen laka da ke da alaƙa da yankin. Wannan gyare-gyaren gine-ginen ya ba da damar ƙirƙirar dakuna masu faɗi, wani muhimmin abin la'akari ga girman masallacin. : 499 Masallacin na ci gaba da zama wurin ibada har yau, bayan karni biyu. Abin takaici, a ranar 11 ga Agusta, 2023, wani kaso na rufin masallacin ya ruguje yayin Sallar Asuba, wanda ya yi sanadin asarar rayuka sama da goma. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa lamarin na da nasaba da rashin kula da tsohon ginin. Sarkin Zazzau Ahmed Nuhu Bamalli ya ruwaito cewa an fara aikin sake gina masallacin, kuma an kaddamar da bincike kan lamarin.
Dakin Gwani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Abdullahi dan Dabo, Sarkin Kano na 47, ya dauki aikin Mikhail don gyara sassan Gidan Rumfa, fadar Sarkin Kano. Musamman, dakunan kudu maso gabas na sarakunan Kano. Sannan ya dauki nauyin ginawa sarki gidan da ake kira "Babban Gwani" dangane da Mikhaila. Sai dai kuma a zamanin mulkin Aliyu Babba (1894-1903) an canza sunan zuwa “Katon Gwani” saboda sunan da ake yi wa Aliyu da ake kira “Babba” wanda ya sa asalin sunan bai dace ba. A yau, wannan yanki ana kiransa da "Dakin Gwani," yana fassara "ɗakin Gwani."
Mikhaila kuma ya gina babban bene mai hawa biyu Babban Soro quarters na Abdullahi. Ya kuma gina Soron Giwa, wanda aka fi sani da "Zauren Giwa," don girmama Ibrahim Dabo, wanda shi ne mahaifin Abdullahi, kuma ya yi sarautar Kano daga 1819 zuwa 1846.
Gidan Madakin Bauchi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An gayyaci Mikhaila zuwa masarautar Bauchi don gina gine-gine da dama na sarakunan masarautar. Daga cikin gine-ginen da aka gina, mafi shahara har da wadanda ya gina wa Madakin Bauchi, Abdulkadiri. : 460 Sunan da ake yi wa lakabi da Gidan Madakin Bauchi ko kuma “Gidan Madakin Bauchi” kuma suna garin Kafin Madaki mai tazarar kilomita 45 daga arewacin birnin Bauchi . Babban falon ya zama sunan Babban Gwani bayan Mikhaila. An saka shi da kofofin da aka lulluɓe da fata, waɗanda ba safai suke yin gine-gine ba a lokacin. Kusa da shi wani masallaci ne, wanda ke da kamanceceniya da zaure na Gidan Makama a Kano. [8]
Kyauta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Unguwar Babban Gwani da ke Zariya ta tsaya a matsayin karramawa mai dorewa ga gadon Mallam Mikhaila. A yau, wannan Unguwa galibi magina ne ke zaune, yawancinsu zuriyarsa ne kai tsaye. Waɗannan zuriyar suna ci gaba da kiyaye al'adar iyali, tare da ƙwarewarsu sau da yawa ana nema don gina gine-gine a cikin salonsa na musamman. Musamman ma lokacin da aka yi barna a fadar Sarkin Bauchi da aka yi ruwan sama a shekarar 2017, an gayyaci zuriyar Gwani domin su jagoranci sake gina sassan da abin ya shafa.
Daya daga cikin fitattun zuriyar Mallam Mikhaila shine Malam Haruna, wanda ya rike sarautar Sarkin Maigini a zamaninsa. Ko da yake ya sanya zanen nasa tare da bayyana ma'anarsa, salon gine-ginen Haruna ya ci gaba da tasiri a kan ka'idojin da Mallam Mikhaila ya kafa. Misalin wannan an ga a kofar fadar Zazzau bayan tsohuwar da Shehu Idris ya rusa ta (r. 1975 - 2020). A 1980-1981, Haruna ya ba da aikin sa ido da zayyana ginin sabuwar kofa. Wannan kofa ta tashi ne daga yadda Hausawa ke amfani da laka, inda a maimakon haka sai an yi mata bulo na siminti.[9]
Nassoshi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Prussin, Labelle (1986). Hatumere : Islamic design in West Africa. Internet Archive. Berkeley : University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03004-6.
- ↑ Perani, Judith (1999). Cloth, dress, and art patronage in Africa. Internet Archive. Oxford ; New York : Berg. ISBN 978-1-85973-290-8.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Babban Gwani: Life, legacy of Zaria's legendary builder - Daily Trust". dailytrust.com. Retrieved 2023-09-12.
- ↑ Shehu, Maimuna Bala (2016). "CULTURAL SYMBOLISM IN TRADITIONAL HAUSA ARCHITECTURE OF NORTHERN NIGERIA (Dissertation)". University of Kent.
- ↑ Hunter, Linda (2001). Aspects of the aesthetics of Hausa verbal art. Internet Archive. Köln : Rüdiger Köppe. ISBN 978-3-89645-264-1.
- ↑ Moughtin, Cliff; Pc, Taner; Tiesdell, Steven. Urban Design - Ornament and Decoration, Second Edition.
- ↑ The mosque : history, architectural development and regional diversity. Internet Archive. [New York, N.Y.] : Thames & Hudson. 2002. ISBN 978-0-500-28345-5.CS1 maint: others (link)
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ DeVito, Madilyn; University, Cleveland State. "Gate to the Emir's Palace, Zaria - Hausa Cultural Proclamation". Bright Continent (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-09-14.