Halifancin Fatimid

Halifancin Fatimid
Suna saboda	Fatima
Wuri
Babban birni	Mahdia (en) , Al-Mansuriya (en) da Kairo
Yawan mutane
Harshen gwamnati	Larabci
Addini	Musulunci
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili	9,100,000 km²
Bayanan tarihi
Mabiyi	Daular Abbasiyyah, Aghlabids (en) , Rustamid, Idrisid dynasty (en) da Ikhshidid dynasty (en)
Wanda ya samar	Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah (en)
Ƙirƙira	909
Rushewa	1171 (Gregorian)
Ta biyo baya	Ayyubid Sultanate (en) , Zirid Dynasty (en) , Zengid dynasty (en) , Emirate of Sicily (en) , Kingdom of Jerusalem (en) , Principality of Antioch (en) , County of Edessa (en) , County of Tripoli (en) da Hammadid dynasty (en)
Ikonomi
Kuɗi	dinar (en)

Halifancin Fatimid ko al-Fātimiyyūn ( Larabci: الفاطميون‎ ) daular daga 5 ga Janairu 909 zuwa shekara ta 1171. A wani Arab Shi'a daular Yana mulki na huɗu, kuma ƙarshe Arab Khalifanci . A lokuta daban-daban yankuna daban-daban na Maghreb, Misira, da Levant suna cikin halifanci.

Garin Alkahira na Masar ya zama babban birni. Kalmar Fatimite wani lokacin ana amfani da ita don ishara ga 'yan asalin wannan halifan kuma. Manyan shugabanni na reshen Ismaili ne na Shi'anci. Shugabannin kuma limaman Shi'a Ismaili ne . Suna da mahimmancin addini ga Musulmin Ismaili. Hakanan suna daga cikin jerin masu rike da mukamin Khalifa, kamar yadda mafi yawan musulmai suka yarda da su, shine kadai lokacin da Shi'a Imamiyya da Halifanci suka hadu a kowane mataki. Akwai wasu banda guda kawai: Kalifancin Ali da kansa.

Fatimid sun shahara da yin haƙuri da addini ga ƙungiyoyin da ba na Islama ba na Islama da kuma yahudawa, Kiristocin Malta da Kiristocin Kibdawa, amma akwai wasu keɓaɓɓu duk da haka.

Tashin Fatimids[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Fatimids sun fito ne daga Ifriqiya, Tunisia ta yanzu da gabashin Algeria . An kafa daular a cikin 909 ta ˤAbdullāh al-Mahdī Billah, wanda ya halatta da'awar tasa ta hanyar zuriyar Muhammad ta hanyar 'yarsa Fātima as-Zahra da mijinta ˤAlī ibn-Abī-Tālib, na farko Shīˤa Imām, saboda haka sunan al- Fātimiyyūn "Fatimid".

Ikon Abdullāh al-Mahdi ba da jimawa ba ya fadada duk tsakiyar Maghreb, yankin da ya kunyshi ƙasashe na zamani irin su Maroko, Algeria, Tunisia da Libya, waɗanda ya yi mulki daga Mahdia, sabon hedikwatar sa da aka gina a Tunisia.

Lalacewa da faɗuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin 1040s, Zirids (gwamnonin Arewacin Afirka a ƙarƙashin Fatimids) sun ba da sanarwar samun 'yanci daga Fatimid kuma sun musulunta ga Sunni, wanda ya haifar da mummunan mamayar Banū Hilal. Bayan kusan 1070, Fatimid da ke gabar Levant da wasu yankuna na Siriya ya fara fuskantar kalubale daga mamayar Turkic ( Seljuk ), sannan yakokin Jihadi, don haka yankin Fatimid ya yi kasa har sai da ya kasance na Masar kawai.

Bayan lalacewar tsarin siyasar Fatimid a cikin 1160s, mai mulkin Zengid Nūr ad-Dīn ya sa janar dinsa, Shirkuh ya kwace Misira daga hannun Shawar a cikin 1169. Shirkuh ya mutu watanni biyu bayan karɓar iko, kuma mulkin ya koma ga ɗan wansa, Saladin . Wannan ya fara daular Kurdawa Ayyubid.