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Littattafan Hausa

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Littattafan Hausa
Littatafan Hausawa

Littatafan Hausawa, Hausawa sun kasan ce mutane ne masu al`ada, addini da tarihi, hakan ya bama Hausawa daman wallafe-wallafe na ilimi da kuma rubuce-rubuce tin karni na 19, wanda a wannan lokacin ne Hausawa suka tsunduma ka'in-da-na'in wajen rubuce-rubuce da wallafa littattafai, rubutu ga Hausawa a ƙarni na 19, yawancin malamai da sarakuna suna rubutu ne ta hanyar wallafa littattafai , amma a ƙarni na 20 a cikin ƙasar Hausa yawancin hausawa mata sun yi rubutu ne akan littattafan soyayya.[1] Malaman zamani na ƙasar hausawa sun daina rubuta littattafai, sai dai kaɗan daga cikinsu, suma ba sosai ba, amman yawanci sunfi amfani da kaset wajen taskance karatunsu, da wa’azinsu, da huɗubansu.[1] wanda zai amfana al’amuransu.

Tarihi da asali

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tin ƙarni na 19, Hausawa suna rubuta littattafai domin girke tarihinsu ko rubuta ilimi akan addininsu, Shehu Usman Ɗan fodiyo shine Sarkin Fulani na farko da ya kafa daular musulunci a ƙasar Hausawa, kafin zuwan Shehu Usman Dan Fodiyo, sarakunan Haɓe sune ke mulki a ƙasar Hausa, a ƙasar Gobir akwai Sarkin Haɓe na Maguzawa mai suna Yunfa, a ƙasar zazzau akwai Makau, a wannan lokacin baza a iya tunawa ba cewa suna rubuta littatafai ba, amman zamanin sarakunan Fulani sun rubuta littafai daban-daban na addini da al'ada.[2] Usman Ɗan Fodiyo ya rubuta littatafai da yawa, daga ciki akwai Wathiqat Ahl Al-Sudan, Alfarq, Bayan wujub al-hijra.[3] A littafin wathiqat yace “ Samar da khalifa na musulunci wajibi ne akan al’umar musulmai, kuma yi masa biyayya dashi da muƙarrabansa ma wajibi ne.”[3]

Littattafai

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Jaddawalin littattafan Hausawa ya fara samo asali ne daga karni na 19, inda sarukanan Fulani suke wallafa littattafai, daga nan ne aka fara samun wallafa-wallafan littattafai a ƙasar Hausa. Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo da Nana Asma’u da Bello sun taka rawar gani wajen samar da ilimi akan mata. Nana Asma’u tana tara mata tana karantar dasu addini.[4]

Littattafan karni na 19

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A rubuce-rubcen da Hausawa sukayi tun a ƙarni na 19, kama daga kan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo, da muƙarrabansa, iyalan gidansa, sun rubuta yawanci abubuwan rayuwa, Nana Asma'u ma tana da rubuce-rubuce da kuma waƙoƙi na musulunci da al’amuran da ya shafi rayuwar duniya da musulunci.[5] Hakama Muhammadu Bello yana da littattafai da yawa, da Abdullahi Fodiyo da kuma Abubakar Gwandu, Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo yana da littattafai kimanin 73.[6] Abdullahi dan Fodiyo yana da littattafai kimanin 68,[7] Muhammadu Bello nasa littattafan kimanin 81.[8] Nana Asma’u nadakimanin littattafai 56.[9] dukkan littattafan da ta rubuta tayisu ne da Hausa, Larabci, da Fulatanci.

  1. Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo yana da littattafai kimanin 73.[10]
  2. Abdullahi Ɗan Fodiyo yana da littattafai kimanin 68.[11]
  3. Muhammadu Bello nasa littattafan kimanin 81.[12]
  4. Nana Asma’u na da kimanin littattafai 56.[13]
  • Shehu Usman Danfodiyo

Shehu Usman Ɗan fodiyo ya wallafa littattafai da yawa, musamman domin karantar da mutane haƙiƙanin addinin musulunci. Shehu Usman ya rubuta littattafai da yawa kuma ya umurta mutanensa da su rubuta littattafai, akan addini da kuma tarihin su. Daular Usman Ɗan Fodiyo tayi mulki ne na tsawon shekara Ɗari, daga shekarar 1804-1903, bayan turawan mulkin mallaka sun zo.[14] A garin alƙalawa ne da masarautar gobir take, inda Usman yake zuwa domin ganin bawa[15] Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo ya rubuta littattafai da yawa, kuma yana umurtan mutanensa da su rubuta littattafai.[15] A ƙarni na 20th musulman ƙasar hausa sun samu tsaiko da nakasu a kan ilmantar da mata, bayan Shehu Usman Ɗan Fodiyo a ƙarni na 19th ya nuna muhimmancin bama mata ilimi, a inda ya fara jihadi akan neman karatu.[16] Shehu Usman Dan Fodiyo yana cewa “ shaidancin Illar barin mata a cikin jahilci, ba tare da sun san ilimi akan kawunansu ba harma ya zamana cewa basu san addini kwata-kwata ba, yafi girman munin shaiɗanci fiye da cakuɗasu tare da maza”[16]

s/n Suna
1 Al-madkhal[5]
2 Wathiqat ahl al-sudan[17]
3 Al-farq[17]
4 Bayan wujub al-hijra[17]
  • Nana Asma'u

Nana Asma’u a kasafin ayyukan ta, kashi arba’in 40% ta rubuta ne akan al’amuran mata, sauran kashi sittin 60% din kuma ya ƙunsa sauran fannoni na rayuwa kamar siyasa (8%) da kuma aƙida.[18] Nana Asma’u tana amfani da waƙe domin karantar da mutane da mata da kuma yara, kamar yanda akeyi a ƴan makarantun islamiyya a kasar Hausa.[19]

Litattafan ta

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Wasu daga cikin manyan ayyukanta, sun hada da:

  • Rubuta Alkur’ani Mai Girma
  • Fassara Alkur’ani Mai Girma
s/n Filatanci Hausa Larabci
1 Mantore Aranɗe Mursalat Al-Sha’ar
2 Sannore Giɗaɗo Tanbih Al-ghafilin
3 Hulni-nɗe Tabshir Al-Ikhwan
4 Ɓegore Qasida Min Asma’u[20]
5 Gawakuke Ma’unɗe


  1.   Tibb al-Nabawi

Wasu daga cikin kasafin yankunan da Nana Asma’u tayi rubuce rubuce Akai

  1. Kiwon lahiya 4%
  2. Ilimantar da Mata 7%.
  3. Shari’a da kuma mata 4%.
  4. Mata da Bori 4%.
  5. Iyali 12%.
  6. Mata a matsayin majiɓinta 12%.
  7. Tarihi 18%.
  8. Hikima18%.
  9. Siyasa 8%.
  10. Aƙida 8%.
  11. Kalifanci da kuma tinai mai kyau 4%.[21]
  • Muhammadu Bello

Muhammadu Bello Bayan an karya masarautar Gobir, yawancin mutanen Gobir suna anfani da Bori ne wajen yin magani, da aka karya Alƙalawa ne yasa Muhammadu Bello yayi tinani akan hanyoyin da yakamata abi domin yin magunguna ga al’umar musulmai ba tare yin Bori ba, domin ya zamzna cewa al’umarsa sun zama cikakkun musulmai.[22] Yawancin Littatafan Muhammad Bello suna magana ne akan kiwon lafiya, addini, ilimantar , mata da sharia’ah.[23]

  • Infaƙul maisur.[19]

Littatafa Na Magungunan Hausawa Na Muhammadu Bello Da Nana Asma’u.

s/n Littattafai
1 Masalihil insan al-muta’allaqa bi al-adyan.
2 Ujalat al-rakib fi’l tibb al-sa’ib.
3 Talkhis al-tibb.
4 Al-tibb al-hayyin fi awja’al-ayn’
5 Al-mawarid al-Nabawiyya fi’l-masa’il altibiyya.
6 Al-Qawl al-manthur fi bayan adwiyat illat al-basur.
7 Al-Qawl al-sunna fi wujuh al-talyin wal’l tamash shi bil l-san.
8 Tambih al-ikhwan ala adwiyat aldidan.
9
  • Abdullahi Fodio

Abdullahi Fodio yana da littafi mai suna Tazyinul Waraƙati.[19].

Littattafan karni na 20

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Nothern Privinces Newsheet ne kamfani na farko dake buga rubutun ajami a kasar hausa, wanda aka kafa a kano.[24] Daga baya kuma an kafa Nothern Nigeria Publishing Company (NNPC) waɗanda suke wallafa litttatafai a cikinn harshen hausa.[25](p13) Sannan aka kafa gidan jarida ta farko mai suna “Gaskiya Tafi Kwabo”Ma’ana “ Truth is Worth More than a Penny” wacce aka ƙirƙira a shekarar 1939, wanda a lokacin Abubakar Imam shine mai kula da harkokin rubutu a kamfanin.[25]Abubakar Imam ne mutum na farko da yafara wallafa littafin labarin hausa a ƙasar hausa mai suna “Ruwan Bagaja” a shekarar 1934.[26](p20-21) a lokacin yana da shekara 23, sai Bello kagara, wanda yaya ne ga Abubakar Imam.[27] wanda ya wallafa littafin Ganɗoki littafi mai shafi 45. Sai littafi mai suna “Idon Matambayi” na Muhammadu Gwarzo a shekarar (1911-1971). Littafi na biyar shine “Jiki Magayi”, amman littafain Magana Jari ce tafi kowanne littafi karbuwa a karnin.

s/n Littattafai Mawallafi Shekara
1 Ruwan Bagaa Abubakar Imam
2 Shaihu Umar Tafawa Ɓalewa
3 Idan Matambayi Muhammadu Gwarzo
4 Ganɗoki Bello Kagara
5 Jiki Magayi John Tafida da Rupert East
6 Magana Jari ce Abubakar Imam

      

Abubakar Imam yace ya dauke shi kimanin wata shida yana rubuta littafin magana jari ce.[28][29] yawancin labaran dake cikin littafin magana jari ce ya samo ne daga labarun tatsuniya na Grimon, labarun larabawa da ƴan Indiya kuma kimanin labarai 80 ya samo su daga wasu littattafan da Rupert East ya ara mai,[30] Shi kanshi Abubakar Imam Yave “shi kanshi Rupert East ya tattaro bayanai daga cikin littattafai daban-daban na turawa da tatsuniyan larabawa, domin yin amfani dasu a matsayin abun amfani na sharan fage”.[31] Magana Jari ce ta kasance babban littafin da tafi kowanne a jadawalin tsarin rubuta littafi ga hausawa har ila yau.[32][33].

Littattafan karni na 21

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Kundin littattafan Hausa

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Bibiliyo

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  • Bobboyi, H., Yakubu, Mahmud.(2006). The Sokoto Caliphate: history and legacies, 1804-2004, 1st Ed. Kaduna, Nigeria:Arewa House. ISBN 978-135-166-7
  • Furniss, Graham. (1996). Poetry, prose and popular culture in Hausa. International African Institute. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press for the International African Institute. ISBN 978-1-4744-6829-9. OCLC 648578425.

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bobboyi, H.,Yakubu Mahmood. 1st Ed, p.382
  2. ↑ Bobboyi, H.,Yakubu Mahmood. 1st Ed. p.348
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bobboyi, H.,Yakubu Mahmood. 1st Ed, p. 351
  4. ↑ Bobboyi, H., Yakubu, Mahmud.(2006). The Sokoto Caliphate: history and legacies, 1804-2004, 1st Ed.374
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bobboyi, H.,Yakubu Mahmood. 1st Ed, p.373
  6. ↑ Bobboyi, H.,Yakubu Mahmood. 1st Ed, p.385-387
  7. ↑ Bobboyi, H.,Yakubu Mahmood. 1st Ed, p.387-389
  8. ↑ Bobboyi, H.,Yakubu Mahmood. 1st Ed, p.389-391
  9. ↑ Bobboyi, H.,Yakubu Mahmood. 1st Ed, p.371-372
  10. ↑ Bobboyi, H.,Yakubu Mahmood. 1st Ed, p.385-387
  11. ↑ Bobboyi, H.,Yakubu Mahmood. 1st Ed, p.387-389
  12. ↑ Bobboyi, H.,Yakubu Mahmood. 1st Ed, p.389-391
  13. ↑ Bobboyi, H.,Yakubu Mahmood. 1st Ed, p.371-372
  14. ↑ Furniss, Graham. (1996). Poetry, prose and popular culture in Hausa.p.349
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Furniss, Graham. (1996). Poetry, prose and popular culture in Hausa.p.372
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Furniss, Graham. (1996). Poetry, prose and popular culture in Hausa.p.373
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Bobboyi, H.,Yakubu Mahmood. 1st Ed, p.351
  18. ↑ Bobboyi, H.,Yakubu Mahmood. 1st Ed, p.373
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Bobboyi, H.,Yakubu Mahmood. 1st Ed, p.377
  20. ↑ Bobboyi, H., Yakubu, Mahmood. (2006). The Sokoto Caliphate : history and legacies, 1804-2004.p.391-292 (1st ed ed.). Kaduna, Nigeria: Arewa House. 2006. ISBN 978-135-166-7. OCLC 156890366
  21. ↑ Bobboyi, H.,Yakubu Mahmood. 1st Ed, p.374
  22. ↑ Bobboyi, H.,Yakubu Mahmood. 1st Ed, p.374-375
  23. ↑ Bobboyi, H.,Yakubu Mahmood. 1st Ed, p.376
  24. ↑ Furniss, Graham. (1996). Poetry, prose and popular culture in Hausa. International African Institute. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press for the International African Institute. p.12
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Furniss, Graham. (1996). Poetry, prose and popular culture in Hausa. International African Institute. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press for the International African Institute. p.13
  26. ↑ Furniss, Graham. (1996). Poetry, prose and popular culture in Hausa. International African Institute. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press for the International African Institute. p.20-21
  27. ↑ Furniss, Graham. (1996). Poetry, prose and popular culture in Hausa. International African Institute. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press for the International African Institute. p.26
  28. ↑ Furniss, Graham. (1996). Poetry, prose and popular culture in Hausa. International African Institute. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press for the International African Institute. p.33
  29. ↑ (mora1989)(p26)
  30. ↑ pilaszawicz (1985)(p222)
  31. ↑ mora (1987)(26)
  32. ↑ Furniss, Graham. (1996). Poetry, prose and popular culture in Hausa. International African Institute. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press for the International African Institute. p.34
  33. ↑ Furniss, Graham. (1996). Poetry, prose and popular culture in Hausa. International African Institute. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press for the International African Institute. p.56-59

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