Masarautar Ilorin
 Masarautar Ilorin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| masarautar gargajiya a Najeriya | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Ƙasa | Najeriya | |||
| Wuri | ||||
| ||||
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Najeriya | |||
| Jiha | Kwara | |||
Masarautar Ilorin jiha ce ta gargajiya da ke birnin Ilorin a jihar Kwara, Najeriya. Mutanen ƙabilar Yarbawa ne suka fi yawan mazaunanta, duk da cewa Masarautar ƙasa ce da ta hade saboda tasirin wasu ƙabilun da ke cikin birnin.
Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Waɗanda suka fara zama a Ilorin su ne Baruba waɗanda suka zauna a can tsawon shekaru kuma suka ɗauki yankin nasu ne; sun tafi ba tare da sanin dalili ba. Sai kuma Ojo Isekuse, wani Basaraken Yarabawa, wanda ya zauna kusa da dutsen da ake kaifi (wasa wuƙaƙe d.ss) inda mafarauta suka taru suna wasa da kayansu. An samar wa Ilorin suna ne daga dutsen kaifi da har yanzu dutsen yake a wurin. Ana zargin Ojo Isekuse ya fita ne bayan ya yi lalata da ‘yarsa, kuma wani dangi mai suna Asaju ya sauka a kusa da dutsen da ake kaifin. Bayan Asaju ne mutane da dama suka zauna a ƙauyuka masu zaman kansu daban-daban da ke kewayen yankin da ake kira Ilorin a yau.
A farkon ƙarni na 19, Ilorin na da yawan jama'a da suka haɗa da: Fulani, Hausawa da Yarbawa. Afonja, wani sarkin yakin Oyo, wanda ya gudu don gujewa yaƙin kunar-bakin-wake da Alaafin Oyo na lokacin ya yi ya samu hanyar zuwa Ilorin. Wani malamin addinin Islama, Salih Janta, wanda aka fi sani da Shehu Alimi saboda ilimin addinin Islama, shi ma ya samu hanyarsa ta zuwa Ilorin daga Oyo saboda muzgunawa ƙungiyar Ogboni. Ya koma Ilorin daga Oyo tare da wasu Musulman Yarbawa.
A cikin kusan 1810, Shehu Alimi da Afonja suka ƙulla kawance don fatattakar sojojin Oyo masu zalunci. Oyo ya yi niyyar hukunta ƴan tawayen Afonja da kuma kawar da malamin addinin musuluncin da ke samun magoya baya ƴan ƙabilar Yarbawa. Shehu Alimi ya nemi taimako daga Sheik Usman Dan fodio, wanda ya aika da rundunar Jama’a zuwa Ilorin domin taimakon abokinsa. A rikicin na farko, sojojin Ilorin sun yi nasarar fatattakar sojojin Oyo. Sai dai Alaafin ya yanke shawarar mayar da martani da wata babbar runduna da nufin murƙushe tawayen Afonja da kawar da Shehu Alimi. A wani mataki na riga-kafi, sojojin Ilorin sun kai hari tare da ƙona Oyo-Ile, babban birnin tsohuwar Daular Oyo.[1]
Ilorin ta zama babbar rundunar siyasa da soja bayan faduwar tsohuwar Oyo. Ba tare da wani shugaba ba, Afonja da Alimi sun ba da jagoranci ga mutanen da ke zaune a yankin. Afonja da Shehu Alimi, sun samu kyakykyawar alaƙa da takai har zuwa rasuwar Alimi a lokacin da ya tsufa.
Bayan rasuwar Shehu Alimi, an yi takun-saƙa na neman sarautar Ilorin, matashin garin mai cigaba da bunƙasa. Alfas sun so kafa daular Musulunci bisa ilimi, yayin da Afonja ke shirin kafa mulkinsa, amma Abdulsalam dan Shehu Alimi ya fito da taimakon Jama’a, kasancewar shi ne babban soja a Ilorin. An kashe Afonja ne a lokacin mulkin Abdulsalam, a lokacin da aka yi artabu tsakanin sojojin Yarbawa da Jama’a, wanda ya haifar da matsi na Afonja. An hana yin masallatai a Ilorin saboda wannan lamari. Ilorin ta zama masarautar Khalifancin Sakkwato a ƙarƙashin Gwandu.[2][1]
Bautar bayi da zamantakewa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Na wani lokaci, Ilorin ta kasance babbar cibiyar cinikin bayi, wanda Richard Henry Stone ya bayyana a matsayin "kasuwar bayi mafi girma a wannan yanki na Afirka".[3] Yawancin Yarabawa a Ilorin har yanzu arna ne, wanda ya kai ga mafi yawan su, sun zama talakawan Sarki, wanda ba shi da wani tashin hankali na zamantakewa, wanda ya fi son 'yantar da kansu a asirce, daga iyayensu na Fula.[4] A da, an fi tura bayi zuwa arewa ta hamadar sahara, amma yanzu ana tura su kudu ta ƙasashen Yarbawa zuwa bakin teku don samar da bukatu daga Amurka, Indiyawan Yamma, da Brazil. Hakan ya yi sanadiyar yaƙin basasa, inda ya bar Yarbawa da yawa a cikin ƙangin bautar bayi.[5]
Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ilorin ta ci gaba da faɗaɗa kudu da tsayin daka, a cikin shekarun 1830 Yarabawa sun yi yaƙi da Masarautar da ta ƙunshi Fulani, Musulmin Yarabawa, da Hausawa a yakin Ogbomosho, wanda ya kasance babbar nasara a masarautar Ilorin. An duba faɗaɗa yankin kudu na Ilorin a cikin 1830s ta hanyar karuwar ikon Ibadan, jihar Oyo. Sojojin dawakan Ilorin ba su da wani tasiri a cikin dajin da ke kudu, kuma a shekarun 1850 Ibadan na samun damar samun bindigogi daga hannun Turawa ƴan kasuwa a bakin teku.[2] Ilorin, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Khalifancin Sokoto, ta ci gaba da yin mu'amala da sauran jihohin Yarbawa yayin da take a tsakiyar tsakanin arewacin Najeriya da kudancin Najeriya. Waɗannan hulɗar sun ƙunshi ɓangarori daban-daban, waɗanda suka haɗa da rikice-rikice akai-akai da kuma ci gaba da musayar ra'ayi ta fuskar kasuwanci da al'adu. Dabarun masarautun tsakanin arewa da kudu ya baiwa Ilorin wani muhimmin matsayi, wanda ya ci gaba da wanzuwa har bayan Halifanci a duka lokacin mulkin mallaka da bayan mulkin mallakan.[1] An kawo Ilorin ƙarƙashin yankin Arewa ta hanyar diflomasiyya da amfani da karfi kaɗan, duba da yanayin siyasar jihar a lokacin.
Masu mulki[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Sarakunan Masarautar Ilorin:[6]
| Fara mulki | Gama mukki | Mai mulki |
|---|---|---|
| 1824 | 1842 | Abdusalami dan Salih Alimi |
| 1842 | 1860 | Shita dan Salih Alimi |
| 1860 | 1868 | Zubayro dan Abdusalami |
| 1868 | 1891 | Shita Aliyu dan Shittu |
| 1891 | 1896 | Moma dan Zubairu |
| 1896 | 14 ga Janairu, 1914 | Sulaimanu dan Aliyu |
| 1915 | Nuwamba 1919 | Shuaibu Bawa dan Zubayru |
| Fabrairu 17, 1920 | Yuni 1959 | Abdulkadir dan Shuaibu Bawa |
| 30 ga Yuni 1959 | 1992 | Zulkarnayni Gambari dan Muhammadu Laofe Dan Bawa "Aiyelabowo V" |
| 1992 | Agusta 1995[7] | Mallam Aliyu dan Abdulkadir |
| 1995 | Har zuwa yau (sarki mai ci) | Ibrahim Sulu-Gambari |
Sarakuna da manyan sarakunan Ilorin[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Saboda tarihin Ilorin na musamman, na farko a matsayin Yarbawa daga cikin Daular Oyo, sannan kuma a matsayinta na fulani na Halifancin Sokoto, tana da al'adar yin sarauta wadda ta kasance gauraye ne na al'adun da aka samo daga tushen biyu (daular Oyo da Halifancin Sokoto). Duk lokacin da sarautar Masarautar (wadda ke hannun Fulani zuriyar Shehu Alimi) ta kasance babu kowa, wakilin kowace kwata a masarautar wato; Balogun Gambari (Hausa), Balogun Ajikobi (Yarabawa), Balogun Fulani (Fulani) da Balogun Alanamu (Yoruba) - tare da shugaban gidan sarautar Afonja, Mogaji Aare, da kuma babban hakiminsa mai suna Baba. Isale na Ilorin - taru domin zaɓar sabon sarki, tare da naɗa sabon sarki, bisa amincewar gwamnan jihar Kwara. Sannan an ba wa Balogun mafi dadewa a sarautar Balogun huɗu, sarautar Balogun Agba, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama na biyu a kan Sarkin Ilorin. Dukkan Balogun na da gundumomi da suke gudanarwa a madadin sarki.
Akwai kuma sarakunan gargajiya da kowannensu ake kiransa Daudu (ko Hakimin Lardi ). Suna aiki ne a matsayin hakimai masu wakiltar sarki a garuruwan dake faɗin masarautar Ilorin kamar su Afon, Bode Saadu, Ipaye da Malete, da dai sauransu.
Muƙamai masu daraja a masarautar[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Masarautar dai ta shaidi irin karramawa ga fitattun ‘ya’yan Masarautar da Sarki na yanzu ya yi. Wadannan sunaye ne da aka ba su;[8]
- Wazirin, Masarautar Ilorin
- Turaki, Masarautar Ilorin
- Zanan na Masarautar Ilorin
- Dan Iyan, Masarautar Ilorin
- Grand Mufti na Masarautar Ilorin
- Madawakin, Masarautar Ilorin
- Malami Ubandoman, Masarautar Ilorin
- Tafidan, Masarautar Ilorin
- Shettiman, Masarautar Ilorin
- Mutawalin, Masarautar Ilorin
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 John O. Hunwick, Razaq Abubakre (1995). Arabic Literature of Africa: The writings of Central Sudanic Africa. Vol. 2. p. 440.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Paul E. Lovejoy (2004). Slavery on the frontiers of Islam. Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 55ff. ISBN 1-55876-329-5. Retrieved 2010-09-30.
- ↑ Stone, Richard Henry (2010). In Africa's Forest and Jungle: Six Years Among the Yorubas (in Turanci). University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-5567-8.
- ↑ Stone, R. H. (Richard Henry) (1900). In Afric's forest and jungle, or, Six years among the Yorubans. Smithsonian Libraries. Edinburgh ; London : Oliphant Anderson.
- ↑ Stone, R. H. (Richard Henry) (1900). In Afric's forest and jungle, or, Six years among the Yorubans. Smithsonian Libraries. Edinburgh ; London : Oliphant Anderson.
- ↑ "Traditional States of Nigeria". WorldStatesmen.org. Retrieved 2010-09-30.
- ↑ editor (2019-06-04). "Tribute: Her Royal Majesty, Aishat Nma Sulu-Gambari finally takes a bow". Royal News. Retrieved 2019-06-13.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- ↑ "Saliu Mustapha: The making of the new Turaki of Ilorin". 2 August 2021.