Sinima a Misra

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Sinima a Misra
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 27°N 29°E / 27°N 29°E / 27; 29
tambarin Sinimar Misra

Sinima a Masar na nufin masana'antar fina-finai da ke ci gaba da bunƙasa a birnin Alkahira wanda aka sani da Hollywood na yankin MENA. Tun daga shekara ta alif 1976, babban birnin ƙasar ya gudanar da kuma bikin fina-finai na ƙasa da ƙasa na Alkahira na shekara-shekara, wanda kungiyar masu shirya fina-finai ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta amince da shi . Akwai kuma wasu bukukuwa guda 12. Daga cikin fina-finai sama da 4,000 gajere da tsayin daka da aka yi a yankin MENA tun daga shekara ta alif 1908, fiye da kashi uku cikin huɗu na fina-finan Masar ne.[ana buƙatar hujja] Masar fina-finai suna yawanci magana a cikin kasar Masar Larabci yare.

Tarihi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Farko[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Hoton fim ɗin Masarawa Yahya el hub (1938).

An yi taƙaitaccen adadin fina-finan shiru wato marasa sauti a Masar tun daga shekara ta alif 1896; Laila ta shekara ta alif 1927, ta shahara a matsayin siffa mai cikakken tsayi ta farko. Masana'antar fina-finai ta Alkahira ta zama wani yanki na yanki tare da fitowar sauti. Tsakanin shekara ta alif 1930, zuwa shekara ta alif 1936, ƙananan ɗakunan studio daban-daban sun samar da aƙalla fina-finai 44. A cikin shekara ta alif 1936, Studio Misr, wanda masanin masana'antu Talaat Harb ya ba da kuɗi, ya fito a matsayin jagorar Masarawa daidai da manyan ɗakunan ɗaukar shiri na Hollywood, rawar da kamfanin ya riƙe tsawon shekaru talatin. [1]

Masana tarihi sun yi saɓani wajen tantance farkon silima a Masar. Wasu sun ce a shekarar alif 1896, lokacin da aka fara kallon fim na farko a Masar, yayin da wasu suka fara daga ranar 20 ga watan Yunin, shekara ta alif 1907, tare da wani gajeren fim na Documentary game da ziyarar Khedive Abbas Hilmi na biyu a Cibiyar Mursi Abul-Abbas da ke Iskandariya. A cikin shekara ta alif 1917, darekta Mohammed Karim ya kafa kamfanin samar da kayayyaki a Alexandria. Kamfanin ya samar da fina-finai guda biyu: Matattu Flowers da Honor the Bedouin, wanda aka nuna a birnin Alexandria a farkon shekara ta alif 1918.

Tun daga wannan lokacin, fiye da fina-finai 4,000 ne aka shirya a Masar, kashi uku cikin huɗu na jimlar Larabawa. Kasar Masar ita ce kasa mafi albarka a yankin gabas ta tsakiya a fagen shirya fina-finai, kuma kasar da ta fi samun ci gaban tsarin yaɗa labarai.[ana buƙatar hujja]

Zamanin Zinare[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Hoton fim ɗin Masarawa Berlanti (1944).

Shekarun 1940, 1950 da 1960 galibi ana ɗaukar shekarun zinare na cinema na Masar. A cikin shekarun 1950, masana'antar silima ta Masar ita ce ta uku mafi girma a duniya. Kamar yadda ake yi a Yamma, fina-finai sun mayar da martani ga sanannen hasashe, tare da faɗowa cikin nau'ikan da za a iya faɗi (ƙarar farin ciki shine al'ada), kuma yawancin ƴan wasan kwaikwayo suna yin sana'o'insu ba tare da buga sassa masu ƙarfi ba. A cikin kalmomin wani mai sukar, "Idan wani fim na Masar da aka yi niyya don shahararrun masu sauraro ba shi da wani daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan da ake bukata, ya zama cin amana na kwangilar da ba a rubuta ba tare da 'yan kallo, wanda sakamakonsa zai bayyana a cikin akwatin akwatin."[2]

A cikin 1940, ɗan kasuwa kuma mai fassara Anis Ebeid ya kafa "Anis Ebeid Films", a matsayin kamfani na farko na fassara fim a Masar da sauran Gabas ta Tsakiya, yana kawo ɗaruruwan fina-finan Amurka da na duniya zuwa Masar. Daga baya ya shiga harkar rarraba fina-finai shima.

Sauye-sauyen siyasa a Masar bayan hamɓarar da Sarki Farouk a shekarar 1952 da farko ba su da wani tasiri a fim din Masar. Mulkin Nasser ya nemi iko a kan masana'antar ne kawai bayan ya koma tsarin gurguzu a 1961. A shekarar 1966, an mayar da masana'antar fina-finan Masar ta zama kasa. Kamar yadda yake da kowane al'amura a wancan lokacin, ana iya samun ra'ayi mai ma'ana game da masana'antar silima a lokacin. A cikin kalmomin Ahmed Ramzi, babban mutum na zamanin, "ya tafi karnuka". "Hannun gwamnati mai nauyi" wanda ke tare da ƙaddamar da fim ɗin Masar na ƙasa "ya hana sababbin abubuwan da suka faru kuma sun lalata ƙarfinsa". [3] Koyaya, yawancin fina-finan Masar 44 waɗanda ke cikin mafi kyawun jerin fina-finan Masar 100 na kowane lokaci an shirya su a lokacin. Sanannun lakabi sun haɗa da Daren Kidayar Shekaru, Tashar Alkahira , Mai Wasiƙa da Baya .

A shekarun 1970, fina-finan Masar sun daidaita tsakanin siyasa da nishaɗi. Fina-finai irin su Khalli Balak min Zouzou na 1972 ( Watch out for Zouzou ), wanda ke nuna "Cinderella of Arab cinema", Soad Hosny, ya nemi daidaita harkokin siyasa da masu sauraro. Zouzou ya haɗa kiɗa, raye-raye, da salon zamani cikin labarin da ya daidaita harabar ɗakin karatu tare da kiɗa da wasannin kwaikwayo na iyali.

Fim ɗin Masar mai suna Al-Rida' al-Abyad ( The White Gown ) na Hassan Ramzi a shekarar 1975 ya fito ne a Tarayyar Soviet a shekarar 1976, inda ya sayar 61 million a kasar. Wannan ya sa ya zama fim ɗin waje mafi girma da aka samu a cikin shekarar kuma fim na bakwai mafi girma na waje da aka taɓa samu a Tarayyar Soviet . Wannan kuma ya sa ya zama fim ɗin Masar mafi girma a kowane lokaci, inda tallace-tallacen tikitin Soviet ya zarce tallace-tallacen tikitin duniya na duk sauran fina-finan Masar.

Lokacin canzawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A ƙarshen shekarun 1970 zuwa 1980 masana’antar shirya fina-finan Masar ta yi ƙasa a gwiwa, tare da bunkasar abin da aka kira “fim ɗin kwangila”. Jarumi Khaled El Sawy ya bayyana wadannan a matsayin fina-finai "inda babu labari, babu wasan kwaikwayo da kuma samar da ingancin kowane nau'i ... fina-finai na asali wadanda ke da nufin yin kudi mai sauri." Yawan fina-finan da ake samarwa kuma ya ragu: daga kusan fina-finai 100 a shekara a fagen masana'antar zuwa kusan dozin a 1995. Wannan ya ci gaba har zuwa lokacin rani na 1997, lokacin da "Ismailia Rayeh Gayy" (fassara: Ismailia baya da gaba) ya girgiza masana'antar silima, yana jin daɗin nasara mara misaltuwa da riba mai yawa ga furodusoshi, gabatar da Mohamed Fouad ( shahararren mawaki) da Mohamed Henedi, sannan ya yi fice. Jarumin da ba a san shi ba wanda daga baya ya zama tauraron barkwanci na daya. Bisa nasarar wannan fim ɗin, an fitar da fina-finan barkwanci da yawa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.

Yanzu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tun daga shekarun 1990, gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Masar ya tafi ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Ƙananan fina-finai na fasaha suna jan hankalin wasu ƙasashen duniya, amma ba sa halarta a gida. Shahararrun fina-finai, galibin manyan barkwanci irin su What A Lie!, da kuma ayyuka masu fa'ida sosai na ɗan wasan barkwanci Mohamed Saad, yaƙi don ɗaukar masu sauraro ko dai sun ja hankalinsu zuwa fina-finan yammacin duniya ko kuma, suna ƙara yin taka tsantsan game da lalatar fim ɗin.

Wasu ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, irin su Sahar el Layali na 2003 ( Sleepless Nights ), labarun da suka haɗa da ma'auratan bourgeois guda huɗu [4] da 2006 na Imrat Yacoubian ( Ginin Yacoubian ) sun haɗu da wannan rarrabuwa ta hanyar haɗuwa da babban ingancin fasaha da kuma babbar mashahuriyar sha'awa.

A cikin 2006, an fitar da fim ɗin Awkat Faragh ( Lokacin hutu ). Sharhin zamantakewa game da raguwar matasan Masar, an shirya fim ɗin a kan ƙananan kasafin kuɗi kuma yana da ma'aikacin ƙananan ƙimar samarwa. Fim ɗin, duk da haka, ya zama nasara. Batun sa mai cike da cece-kuce, wato, yanayin jima'i a cikin al'ummar yau, ana ganinsa a matsayin tabbatar da cewa masana'antar ta fara yin kasada.

Babban ƙalubalen da ke gaban masanan Masar da na duniya, dalibai da masu sha'awar fina-finan Masar, shi ne rashin wadatattun kayan aiki ta fuskar ayyukan da aka buga, da adanawa da samun kwafin fina-finan da kansu, da ci gaba a Masar na cibiyoyi masu zaman kansu da masu zaman kansu da suka sadaukar da bincike da adanawa. na fim. Cibiyar Fina-Finai ta Masarawa (ENFC), wacce bisa ka'ida ta ke rike da kwafin dukkan fina-finan da aka yi bayan 1961, a cewar wani mai binciken fina-finan Masar, "da nisa da zama dakin karatu, akwai tarin gwangwani masu tsatsa da ke ɗauke da kwafi masu inganci."

A shekara ta 2007, duk da haka, an sami ƙaruwa sosai a yawan fina-finan Masar da aka yi. A cikin 1997, adadin fina-finai masu tsayi na Masar da aka ƙirƙira shine 16; Bayan shekaru 10, adadin ya haura zuwa 40. Har ila yau, bayanan akwatin ofishin sun tashi sosai, yayin da fina-finan Masar suka samu kusan dala miliyan 50 yayin da fina-finan Amurka, idan aka kwatanta, sun samu dala miliyan 10.[ana buƙatar hujja]

Bukukuwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tun shekara ta alif 1952, Alƙahira ta gudanar da bikin fina-finai na Cibiyar Katolika. Shi ne bikin fina-finai mafi daɗewa a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka. Ya kware a Cinema na Masar. Tun daga shekara ta alif 1976, Alkahira ta gudanar da bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Alkahira na shekara-shekara, wanda kungiyar masu shirya fina-finai ta kasa da kasa ta amince da shi . Ana gudanar da wani bukukuwan fina-finai a Masar da haɗa da:

  • Luxor African Film Festival
  • Aswan International Women's Film Festival
  • Cairo International Women's Film Festival
  • Alexandria International Film Festival
  • El Gouna Film Festival
  • Cairo Cinema Days
  • National Egyptian Film Festival
  • Cairo Francophone Film Festival
  • Catholic Center Film Festival
  • Port Said Festival for Arab Films
  • Film Association Festival for Egyptian Cinema
  • Sharm El-Sheikh Film Festival

Fina-finai masu shahara[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Title Transliteration Year Director
My Father above the Tree Abi foq al-Shagara 1969 Hussein Kamal
The Asphalt boogymen Afarit el-asphalt 1996 Oussama Fawzi
Ali Baba and The Forty Thieves Ali Baba wa Al Arbaeen harami 1942 Togo Mizrahi
I Am Free Ana Horra 1959 Salah Abu Seif
Date Wine Arak el-balah 1998 Radwan El-Kashef
The Land Of Fear Ard El-Khof 1999 Daoud Abdel Sayed
Al-Go'a Al-Go'a 1986 Ali Badrakhan
The Land El Ard 1969 Youssef Chahine
The Sparrow Al Asfour 1972 Youssef Chahine
The Return of the Prodigal Son Awdat al ibn al dal 1976 Youssef Chahine
Sons of Egypt Awlad Masr 1933 Togo Mizrahi
The Days of Sadat Ayam El-Sadat 2001 Mohamed Khan
The Soft Hands Al Ayde Al Na'ema 1963 Mahmoud Zulfikar
The Will El Azima 1939 Kamal Selim
The Gate of Sun Bab el shams 2004 Yousry Nasrallah
Cairo Station Bab El-Hadid 1958 Youssef Chahine
I Love Cinema Baheb el cima 2004 Oussama Fawzi
The Search for Sayed Marzouk Al Bahths an Al Sayyid Marzuq 1990 Daoud Abdel Sayed
The Innocent El Baree' 1988 Atef El-Tayeb
Barsoum Looking for a Job Barsoum Yabhas Aen Wazifa 1923 Mohamed Bayoumi
A Beginning and an End Bidaya wa Nihaya 1960 Salah Abu Seif
The Postman Al Boustaguy 1968 Hussein Kamal
The Path of Mahabil Darb al-mahabil 1955 Tawfik Saleh
The Nightingale's prayer Doaa al-Karawan 1959 Henry Barakat
Traffic Light Eisharit morour 1995 Khairy Beshara
In the Land of Tutankhamun Fi bilad Tout Ankh Amoun 1923 Mohamed Bayoumi
The Paradise of the Fallen Angels Gannat al shayateen 1999 Oussama Fawzi
The Island El Geezera 2007 Sherif Arafa
The Flirtation of Girls Ghazal Al Banat 1949 Anwar Wagdi
The Sin Al Haram 1965 Henry Barakat
Chafika et Metwal Shafika w Metwally 1978 Ali Badrakhan
Hassan and Marcus Hassan wi Mor'os 2008 Ramy Emam
Life or Death Haya aw Maut 1954 Kamal El Sheikh
The Choice Al Ikhtiyar 1970 Youssef Chahine
Terrorism and Kebab Al Irhab wal kabab 1992 Sherif Arafa
Alexandria... Why? Iskanderija ... lih? 1978 Youssef Chahine
Karnak Al Karnak 1975 Ali Badrakhan
The Kit Kat El Kit Kat 1991 Daoud Abdel Sayed
The Lady's Puppet Laabet el sitt 1946 Waley-ElDin Sameh
Leila 1927 Aziza Amir
Angel of Mercy Malak al-Rahma 1946 Youssef Wahbi
The City El Medina 1999 Yousry Nasrallah
The Night of Counting the Years Al Mummia 1975 Shadi Abdel Salam
The Impossible El Mustahil 1966 Hussein Kamal
Saladin The Victorious El Nasser Salah El-Din 1963 Youssef Chahine
Yaaqubian building Omaret yakobean 2006 Marwan Hamed
A Bullet in the Heart Rossassa Fel Qalb 1944 Mohammed Karim
Return My Heart Back Rudda Kalbi 1958 Ezz-El-Din Zulfikar
Salama is Okay Salama fi khair 1938 Niazi Mostafa
Salamah 1945 Togo Mizrahi
The Bus Driver Sawaq El-Autobis 1983 Atef El-Tayeb
Some of the Fear Shey min el khouf 1969 Hussein Kamal
Struggle of the Heroes Sira' Al Abtal 1962 Tawfik Saleh
Black Market Suq al-Soda, Al 1945 Kamel El-Telmissany
Adrift on the Nile Tharthara Fawq Al Neel 1971 Hussein Kamal
The Collar and the Bracelet El Tooq wal Eswera 1986 Khairy Beshara
Adieu Bonaparte Weda'an Bonapart 1985 Youssef Chahine
The Two Orphans Al Yateematain 1949 Hassan Al Imam
The Sixth Day Al Yawm al-Sadis 1986 Youssef Chahine
Happy Day Yawm Saeed 1940 Mohammed Karim
Sweet Day, Bitter Day Yom mor ... Yom helw 1988 Khairy Beshara
The Wife of an Important Man Zawgat Ragol Mohim 1988 Mohamed Khan
Zeinab 1950 Mohammed Karim
The Second Wife El Zouga El Tania 1967 Salah Abu Seif
The White Gown Al-Rida’ al-Abyad 1975 Hassan Ramzi
People on the Top Ahl el qema 1981 Ali Badrakhan

Fitattu a Masana'antar[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Daraktoci[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Masu Ɗauka[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Jarumai[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. Darwish, Mustafa, Dream Makers on the Nile: A Portrait of Egyptian Cinema, The American University in Cairo Press, Cairo, shekara ta alif 1998, Pp. 12–13.
  2. "Kwafin ajiya". Archived from the original on 2021-12-04. Retrieved 2022-02-03.
  3. Farid, Samir, "Lights, camera... retrospection" Al-Ahram Weekly, December 30, 1999
  4. "Sahar el Layali", The New York Times, 2004

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]


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