Gobir
 Gobir | ||||
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| Wuri | ||||
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| Babban birni | Alƙalawa | |||
| Bayanan tarihi | ||||
| Ƙirƙira | 11 century | |||
| Rushewa | Oktoba 1808 | |||
| Ta biyo baya |
Massina Empire (en)  | |||
Gobir (Demonym: Gobirawa) birni ne dayake a cikin Najeriya . Wanda Hausa ne suka kafa ta a karni na 11, Gobir na ɗaya daga cikin dauloli bakwai na asali na Kasar Hausa, kuma ta ci gaba da zama a ƙarƙashin mulkin Hausa kusan shekaru 700. Babban birninta shine garin Alkalawa . A farkon karni na 19 wasu daga cikin daular da ke mulki sun gudu zuwa Arewa zuwa inda ake kira Nijar a yanzu daga inda daular da ta yi hamayya ta ci gaba da mulki a matsayin Sarkin Gobir (Sultan na Gobir) a Tibiri. A shekara ta 1975 wani sarki na gargajiya ya sake zama a Sabon Birni, Najeriya.[1]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tarihin Farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gobir na ɗaya daga cikin masarautu bakwai na asali na na Kasar Hausa, wanda ya samo asali ne daga ƙarni na 11. Gidan Sarkin ya kasance a Alkalawa, a arewa maso yammacin Kasar.[2]
Jihad na Fulani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gobir ana tunawa da shi musamman a matsayin babban abokin adawar mai da'awar Musulunci na Fulani Usman dan Fodio . Bawa, mai mulkin Gobir, ya bayyana ya gayyaci dan Fodio zuwa yankin a cikin 1774; Dan Fodio ya yi gidansa a cikin ƙaramin garin Degel, kuma ya fara wa'azi. An ba Dan Fodio wani rawar da ya taka a cikin ilimin dan uwan Bawa kuma daga baya ya maye gurbinsa, Yunfa (r. 1803-8), amma kuma ya kai farmaki a fili ga abin da ya gani a matsayin cin zarafin ƙwararrun Hausa, musamman nauyin da suka sanya wa talakawa. Sarki Nafata (r. 1797-98) ya sauya manufofin haƙuri na Bawa, kuma ya ji tsoron karuwar makamai tsakanin mabiyan dan Fodio. Shugabannin biyu na gaba sun yi tsalle-tsalle tsakanin matakai masu cin gashin kansu da masu sassaucin ra'ayi.[3]
Lokacin da Yunfa ya hau kan mulki a 1803, nan da nan ya sami kansa cikin rikici da Dan Fodio, kuma bayan ya kasa kashe shi, ya kori Dan Fodio da mabiyansa daga Degel. Dan Fodio yayi kira ta hanyar tara dangin Fulani a cikin rundunar jihadi, ya fara Yaƙin Fulani kuma daga ƙarshe ya kafa Khalifancin Sokoto. Duk da wasu nasarorin daga farko da sojojin Gobir da sauran jihohin kasar Hausa suka samu (musamman a Yaƙin Tsuntua), dan Fodio ya sami nasarar cinye yankin da ke kewaye da shi. Sojojinsa sun kwace babban birnin Gobir, Alkalawa, a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1808, inda suka kashe Sarki Yunfa. Kuma Jihar ta shigo cikin Sokoto.
Fita
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sarkin Ali Dan Yakubu da Sarki Mayaki sun ci gaba da adawa da Jihadists a Arewa maso gabas. Tare da taimakon Sarkin Katsina na ƙarshe wanda ya gina sabon babban birnin Gobir a Tibiri, kilomita 10 daga arewacin Maradi a 1836. Lokacin da Gobir Sultan ya tayar da mulkin Sokoto a wannan shekarar, Sokoto Sultan Muhammed Bello ya murkushe tawaye a Yaƙin Gawakuke . A nan ne har yanzu Nijar tsohuwar daular sarakunan Hausa na Gobir. Wani reshe mai hamayya na daular yana da wurin zama a Sabon Birni a arewacin Sokoto a Najeriya.[4]
Tsohon Sarkin Gobir Muhammadu Bawa ya yi mulki a Sabon Birni daga 1975 zuwa 2004.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Lovejoy, Paul E. “The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” The Journal of African History, vol. 19, no. 2, 1978, pp. 187. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/181597. Accessed 21 May 2024.
- ↑ Lovejoy, Paul E. “The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” The Journal of African History, vol. 19, no. 2, 1978, pp. 187. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/181597. Accessed 21 May 2024.
- ↑ Meredith, Martin (2014). The fortunes of Africa : a 5000-year history of wealth, greed, and endeavour. Internet Archive. New York : Public Affairs. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-61039-459-8.
- ↑ Last, Murray. The Sokoto Caliphate. pp. 74–5.
Bayanan littattafai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- "Usman dan Fodio. " Encyclopædia Britannica Online, wanda aka samu a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2005.
- F. Daniyel. "Shehu dan Fodio". Jaridar Royal African Society 25.99 (Abril 1926): 278-283.
- [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga littafin nan.
- Boubou Hama Tarihin Gobir da Sokoto. Kasancewar Afirka (Paris/Dakar), 1967.
- Jerin sarakunan Gobir
- Igba Rumun Vishigh. Kiristanci da tsibirin a cikin DIALOGUE: Arewa maso yammacin NIGERIA, 1960-1990. Jami'ar Jos, Najeriya (1997).
- Muhammad Sharee. Shehu Uthman Dan Fuduye". Cibiyar Musulunci - Nazarin Afirka (1999).
- Rayuwar fadar shugabanci: Gobir jiya da yau . Zeinabou Gaoh, ONEP Maradi, Sahel (Niger). 30 ga Oktoba 2009.