Imam Malik Ibn Anas
Mālik b. Anas b. Mālik b. Abī ʿĀmir b. ʿAmr b. al-Ḥārit̲h̲ b. G̲h̲aymān b. K̲h̲ut̲h̲ayn b. ʿAmr b. al-Ḥārit̲h̲ al-Aṣbaḥī, Anfi sanin sa da sunan, Mālik ibn Anas Da larabci: مالك بن أنس ya rayu daga shekara ta 711 zuwa shekarar 795 CE ko kuma daga shekara ta 93 zuwa shekarar 179 (AH) akan kira shi da Imam Mālik, Malamin Musulunci, Balarabe, kuma faqihi, Alkali ne, Malamin Tauhidi, da hadisi Malamin Sunnahr Manzon Allah tsira amincin Allah su kara tabbata a gare shi.[1]
Farkon rayuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haife shi a birnin Madina, Malik ya kasance shahararren malamin hadisi a lokacinsa,[1] Wanda ya yi kokarin dabbakasu a dukkanin dokokin rayuwarsa da karantarwarsa ta yadda ya samar da tsarin fiqhun da ake kira Malikiyya a bayan rasuwarsa, karatunsa ya ci gaba da fadada da albarka tun bayan rayuwarsa har zuwa yau[1] Malaman lokacinsa suna kiranshi da Imam din Madina (Malamin Madina), Karantarwa Imam Malik tasamu karbuwa da kauna daga al'ummah daban daban tun a zamaninsa har izuwa yau, musamman fannin karutunsa na fiqihu, hakane ya sa ya zama daya daga cikin manyan Malamai hudu (4) da duniyar musulunci ta yarda da abi karantarwarsu wato Mazhabar Imamu Malik. Malikiyya,[1] haka yasa ta zama tafarki na koyi da bin Sunnah a musulunci sanadiyar haka har zuwa yau ana bin tafarkin Mazhabar Malikiyya a Kasashen duniya daban daban, kamar mafiya yawan kasashen nahiyar Arewacin Afirka, Andalusiya, kasar Egypt, da wasu yankunan kasashen Syria, Yemen, Sudan, Irak, da Khorasan,[2] Mazharbar Malikiyya ba wai kawai 'yan ahlussunah suka yarda da ita ba, dan kuwa ita ce tafarki ga yan tariqa Sufaye, tare da Shadiliyya da Tijaniyyah, sanadiyar ganin cewa Imam Malik ya yi karatu ne a hannun jikan Manzon Allah (SAW) wato dan yaron Nana Fatima Alhasan Ibn Ali, Ja'afar.[3] Duk da yake Imam Malik ya yi abubuwa da dama dan ci gaban musulunci a tarihin addinin amma mafi shaharar aikinsa shi ne littafinsa wato Muwatta, ta kakasance tana daya daga cikin tsofaffi kuma mafi shaharar littafi da ta tattara hadisan manzon Allah na farko kafin almajirinsa dalibinsa Bukhari ya wallafa Sahihul BuKhari, Muwatta Malik ta kasance daya daga cikin littafan farko na shari'a a musulunci,"[1]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Cikakken sunansa Baban Abdullah Mālik dan Anas dan Mālik dan Abī 'Āmir dan 'Amr Ibnul-Hārith dan Ghaimān dan Khuthail dan 'Amr Ibnul-Haarith.
Imam Malik mahaifinsa shi ne Anas dan Malik (bashi bane sahabi Anas ibn Malik wanda sunansu daya) da mahaifiyarsa Aaliyah yar Shurayk al-Azdiyya a birnin Madina circa 711. Zuriyarsu daga zuriyar kabilar al-Asbahi, mutanen Yemen, amma kakan kakansa Abu 'Amir ya canja wurin zamansu zuwa garin Madina bayan Musuluntarsa Musulunci a shekara ta biyu bayan Hijri, ko shekara ta 623 CE. Kakansa Malik ibn Abi Amir dalibin Halipha Umar ne, kuma ya na daya daga cikin wadanda suka tattara Qur'an a inda akai asalin rubuta shi, wanda su ne aka hadasu zuwa littafi lokacin Halifancin Uthman.[4] kamar yadda littafin Al-Muwatta ya bayyana shi, Imam Malik mai tsayi ne, Kakkaura, imposing of stature, yanada haske sosai, tare da farin gashi da gemu da sanko, yana da cikan gemu da launin idanu Kore.
Malamansa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kasancewarsa wanda aka haifa kuma ya rayu a Madina ya sa Imam Malik ya samu daman kasancewa da shahararrun Malamai na farkon Musulunci. Ya haddace alkurani a samartakarsa, wanda yakoyi karantawa daga Malaminsa Abu Suhail Nafi' ibn 'Abd ar-Rahman, kuma a hannun sa ne, yakarbi Ijazah, wato tabbaci da yarda na umurnin ya karantar da wasu. Ya kuma yi karatu a karkashin shahararrun Malamai da dama, wadanda suka hada da Malam Hisham ibn Urwah, Malam Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri, da kuma Malam Imam Abu Hanifa, wanda yasamar da Mazhabar Hanafiyya, karkashin jikokin manzon Allah, kamar, Jafar al Sadiq.[5] Wannan ne takara bayyanar da irin kusanci da girmamawa na zaman lafiya dake tsakanin ahlus-Sunnah Hanafiyya da Malikiyya agu daya.
Tsarkakkiyar Hanyar Rawayarsa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Isnadin Imam Malik na ruwayoyin hadisansa, ana ganin itace mafi kyautatuwa da inganci kuma akikiran isnadinsa da Silsilat al-Dhahab wato "Ruwaya ta Sila zinariya" daga shahararrun Malaman hadisi harda Imamul Muhammad Al-Bukhari.[6] Jerin ruwayarsa ta zinari (wanda manyan Malamimai hadisai suka yarda itace take da isnadi mafi inganci) ta hada da, wato ta kunshi shi Imam Malik, wanda ya ruwaito daga Malamin sa Nafi‘ Mawla ibn ‘Umar, wanda shi kuma ya ruwaito daga Abdullahi dan Umar, wanda shi kuma yaji daga manzon Allah Muhammad (SAW).
Ambatonsa A Hadisi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An ruwaito acikin hadisi ingantacce daga Muhammad ibn `Isa at-Tirmidhi, wanda manzon Allah tsira da amincin Allah sun tabbata agare shi, yace: “Ankusa mutane zasu fara bugun "cikunnan rakuma"¹ domin neman ilimi, kuma bazasu sami kowa ba, fiye da Mai ilimi Malamin Madina.” Qadi Ayyad, Al-Dhahabi da wadansu manyan malamai tare dasu Sufyan ibn `Uyaynah, ‘Abd ar-Razzaq as-San‘ani, Ibn Mahdi, Yahya ibn Ma'in, Dhu’ayb ibn `Imama, Ibn al-Madini, da dai sauran su, sun yarda da cewar wannan Malamin da Manzon Allah ke nufi; Imam Malik ibn Anas, ne. Dan saida yakaiga shaharansa a karantarwa a garin Madina mutane daga ko'ina na duniya ke taruwa a masallacin Annabi Dan daukan karatun sa. [7]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Schacht, J., “Mālik b. Anas”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Brill Online.
- ↑ Gibril F. Haddad, The Four Imams and Their Schools (London: Muslim Academic Trust, 2008), p. 121
- ↑ See "Shadiliyya" and "Tijaniyyah" in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Brill Online.
- ↑ M M Azami, The History of the Quranic Text, page 100-101
- ↑ cite web|url=http://muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=471 |title=– Topics |work=Muslimheritage.com |date=2005-01-04 |accessdate=2010-04-10
- ↑ cite web|url=http://www.sunnahonline.com/ilm/seerah/0041.htm |title="Imaam Maalik ibn Anas" by Hassan Ahmad, ''‘Al Jumuah’ Magazine'' Volume 11 – Issue 9 |work=Sunnahonline.com |date= |accessdate=2010-04-10
- ↑ http://eshaykh.com/hadith/hadith-abour-imam-malik-r/