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Tijaniyyah

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Tijaniyyah
Founded 1780s
Classification

Darikar Tijjani ( Larabci: الطريقة التجانية‎ ) Darikar Sufaye ce ta Ahlus-Sunnah mai suna Ahmad al-Tijani . Ya samo asali ne a yankin Magrib amma yanzu ya yadu a yammacin Afirka musamman a kasashen Senegal, Gambia, Mauritania, Mali, Guinea, Nijar, Chadi, Ghana, Arewa da Kudu maso yammacin Najeriya da wasu sassan Sudan . Haka nan odar Tijjaniyyah tana nan a jihohin Kerala, Tamil Nadu da Karnataka a Indiya. Ana kiran masu bin sa Tijjanī ( Tijaan ko Tiijaan a Wolof, Tidiane ko Tidjane a cikin Faransanci). Tijjaniyya suna ba da muhimmanci ga al'adu da ilimi kuma suna jaddada riko na mutum ɗaya na almajiri ( murid ). Don zama memba na oda, dole ne mutum ya karɓi Tijjanī wird, ko jerin jimloli masu tsarki da za a maimaita sau biyu a kullum, daga muqaddam, ko wakilin oda.

Tarihi da yada oda

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Tushen tsari

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An haifi Ahmad al-Tijani (1737-1815) a Ain Madhi a kasar Aljeriya kuma ya rasu a Fes na kasar Morocco . Ya yi karatun addini a Fes, Morocco. Da wahayi daga wasu waliyan Moroko ya kafa tsarin Tijjaniyya a cikin 1780s; kafofin sun bambanta dangane da ainihin kwanan wata tsakanin 1781 [1] da 1784. [2] Tijjaniyya, suna magana ga talakawa, sun mayar da martani ga ’yan’uwantakar Qadiriyyah masu ra’ayin mazan jiya, masu matsayi, suna mai da hankali kan gyara zamantakewa da farfaɗowar Musulunci daga tushe.

Fadadawa a Yammacin Afirka

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Umurnin ya zama mafi girma na Sufaye a yammacin Afirka kuma yana ci gaba da fadada cikin sauri. Muḥammad al-Ḥāfiẓ na kabilar Idaw `Ali ne ya kawo shi kudancin Mauritaniya a shekara ta 1789, wadda ta shahara da manyan malamai da jagororinta na Musulunci kuma galibin Qadirī ne a lokacin. Kusan dukkanin kabilar sun zama Tijjanī a lokacin rayuwar Muhammad al-Hafiẓ, kuma tasirin kabilar zai saukaka saurin fadada Tijjaniyya zuwa yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara.

Almajirin Muḥammad al-Ḥāfiẓ Sidi Mawlūd Vāl ne ya ƙaddamar da shugaban Fulɓe na ƙarni na 19 Omar Saidou Tall da limamin Fulɓe ʿAbd al-Karīm al-Nāqil daga Futa Jalon (yanzu Guinea ) cikin tsari. Bayan samun umarni daga Muḥammad al-Ghālī daga 1828 zuwa 1830 a Makka, Umar Tall aka nada Khalifa (majidi ko shugaban wakilin) Ahmad al-Tijjanī na Sudan ta Yamma (Yammacin Saharar Afirka). Daga nan Umar Tall ya jagoranci yaki mai tsarki a kan abin da yake gani a matsayin gurbatacciyar gwamnati a yankin, wanda ya haifar da daular Toucouleur mai girma amma mai gushewa a Gabashin Senegal da Mali. Yayin da daular siyasar Omar Saidou Tall ta ba da dama ga mulkin mallaka na Faransa, sakamakon da aka dade da shi shi ne yada Musulunci da Darikar Tijjanī ta yawancin yankunan da ake yanzu Senegal, Guinea, da Mali (duba Robinson, 1985).

A kasar Wolof na kasar Senegal, musamman yankunan arewacin Kajoor da Masarautar Jolof, Maliki Sy, wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1855, ya yada daular Tijjanī ta farko a kusa da Dagana . A cikin 1902, ya kafa wata cibiyar zawiya ko addini a Tivaouane, wacce ta zama cibiyar koyar da al'adun Musulunci a karkashin jagorancinsa. Bayan mutuwar Malick Sy a 1922, dansa Ababacar Sy ya zama Halifa na farko. Serigne Mansour Sy ya zama Halifa na yanzu a 1997, bayan rasuwar Abdoul Aziz Sy. Maulidi ko Gàmmu, bikin haifuwar Muhammad, na Tivaouane yana tara mabiya da yawa a kowace shekara.

"Gida" ko reshe na Tivaouane ba shine kawai reshe na odar Tijjanī a Senegal ba . Wani dan jihadi, Màbba Jaxu Ba, wanda yayi zamani da Umar Tall ne ya yada odar Tijjaniyya zuwa kudanci a yankin Saalum na kasar Senegal. Bayan da aka ci Màbba aka kashe shi a Yaƙin Fandane-Thiuthioune Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof, jiharsa ta ruguje amma Tijjaniyya ta kasance mafi rinjayen Sufaye a yankin. Abdoulaye Niass ( zama wakilin mafi mahimmanci na tsari a cikin Saalum., bayan ya yi hijira zuwa kudu daga Jolof, kuma, bayan gudun hijira a Gambiya saboda tashe-tashen hankula da Faransanci, ya dawo don kafa zawiya a birnin Kaolack .

Reshen da ɗan Abdoulaye Niass, Ibrahim Niass ya kafa, a unguwar Kaolack na Madina Baye a cikin 1930, ya zama reshen Tijjaniyya mafi girma kuma mafi girma a duniya a yau. Koyarwar Ibrahima Niass na cewa dukkan almajirai, ba ƙwararru kaɗai ba, za su iya samun ilimin sufanci kai tsaye na Allah ta hanyar tarbiyyah rūhiyyah (ilimin sufa) ya mamaye miliyoyin mutane a duniya. Wannan reshe, wanda aka fi sani da Tijjaniyyah Ibrāhīmiyyah ko Faydah ("Ambaliya"), ya fi mayar da hankali a Senegal, Nigeria, Ghana, Niger, da Mauritania, kuma yana da girma a Amurka da Turai. Galibin gidajen yanar gizo na Tijjaniyya da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa suna cikin wannan yunkuri. Marigayi jikan Ibrahim Niass kuma tsohon limamin Madina Baye, Hassan Cissé, yana da dubban almajirai na Amurka kuma ya kafa wata babbar kungiya ta ilimi da ci gaba, Cibiyar Musulunci ta Afirka ta Amurka, a Madina Baye mai rassa a wasu sassan duniya.

Wani "gidan" na Senegal, a Medina-Gounass, Senegal (a yammacin wurin shakatawa na Niokolo Koba) Mamadou Saidou Ba ya kirkiro.

Wani kuma a Thienaba, kusa da Thiès, Almajirin sanannen marabout na Futa Tooro, Amadou Sekhou ne .

Reshen Ḥamāliyya (Ḥamālliyya), wanda Shaykh Hamallah ya kafa, yana tsakiyar Nioro, Mali, kuma yana nan a Senegal, Cote d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, da Nijar . Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun membobinta shine marubuci kuma masanin tarihi Amadou Hampâté Bâ, wanda ya adana kuma ya ba da shawarar koyarwar Tierno Bokar Salif Taal (Cerno Bokar Salif Taal), "Sage of Banjagara". (Duba Louis Brenner, 1984, 2000.)

Cherno Muhammadou Jallow ne tare da Sheikh Oumar Futi Taal, wanda ya fara karbar tariha Tijjaniyya a yankin Senegambia. Cherno Muhammadou ya shafe sama da shekaru goma sha biyu yana jiran tariha a Saint Louis Senegal, inda Sheikh Oumar Futi Taal ya tura dalibinsa Cherno Abubakr. Shi (Cherno Muhammadou) ya fara yada shi a yankin Senegambia. Ta hanyar tarihin baka, shi ne ya ce (Cherno Muhammadou) ya mika shi ga almajirai goma sha biyu. Waɗannan almajiran sun fito daga Mam Mass Kah na Medina Mass Kah, Abdoulaye Niass na Medina Kaolock, Cherno Alieu, Deme na NDiaye Kunda Senegal, Cherno Alieu, Diallo na Djanet a Kolda, don suna kaɗan. Ta hanyar wadannan almajirai tarikha ta yadu a yankin Senegambia da kuma wajenta. Yawancin wadannan almajirai a yau suna da dimbin mabiya kuma dukkansu suna yin La’azin kullum. Cherno Muhammadou ya mika wa dansa Cherno Omar, wanda daga baya ya mika wa dansa Cherno Muhammadou. Daga baya Baba Jallow ya ci gaba da neman kakansa (Cherno Muhammadou Jallow), wanda daga baya ya same shi a Casamance. Bayan gano kabarin kakansa, Cherno Baba ya kirkiro wata al'umma kuma ya sanya mata suna Sobouldeh kuma ya fara Ziarre na shekara-shekara, inda dubbai ke haduwa don karrama shi duk shekara.

Ayyuka

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Mambobin darikar Tijjaniyya sun bambanta kansu ta hanyar ayyuka da yawa. Bayan shigar da oda, mutum yana karɓar tijjani wird daga muqaddam ko wakilin odar. Mukaddam ya yi bayani ga wanda ya fara gudanar da ayyukan da suka hada da kiyaye ka’idojin Musulunci da suka hada da Rukunnan Rukuni Biyar, da girmama iyaye da girmama juna, ba bin wani Sufaye baya ga Tijjaniyya ba. Masu farawa shine su furta kalmar Tijjanī (tsari da ke ɗaukar mintuna goma zuwa goma sha biyar) kowace safiya da rana. Wird dabara ce da ta hada da maimaita shahada, istighfar, da addu'a ga Muhammad da ake kira Salat al-Fatih "Sallar Budawa". Haka nan su halarci wazifa, irin wannan dabarar da ake rera wa a kungiyance, sau da yawa a masallaci ko zawiya sau daya a kullum, da kuma a cikin Haylalatul Juma'ah, wata dabarar da sauran almajirai suke rera wa a kan. La'asar Juma'a kafin rana ta fadi.

Bugu da ƙari, almajirai a wurare da yawa suna shirya taruka na yau da kullun, galibi a ranar Alhamis da yamma ko kafin Waẓīfa da Hailat al-Jum'ah don yin zikirin Allah, ko ambaton Allah . A irin waɗannan tarurrukan, ana iya haɗa waƙoƙin yabon Allah, Muhammad, Ahmad at-Tijjanī, ko wani shugaban addini tare da zikiri. Irin waɗannan tarurrukan na iya haɗawa da maimaita sauƙaƙa a matsayin ƙungiya ko amsa kira, inda ɗaya ko fiye da shugabanni ke jagorantar waƙar wasu kuma suna maimaita ko kuma ba da amsa.

Lokaci-lokaci, gungun almajirai, waɗanda aka fi sani da daayira a Senegal, daga da’irah na Larabci, ko “da’ira”, na iya shirya taron addini, inda za su gayyaci ɗaya ko fiye da fitattun masu magana ko mawaƙa don yin magana a kan wani jigo. kamar rayuwar Muhammad ko wani shugaban addini, wani farilla na musamman na addini kamar azumin Ramadan, ko yanayin Allah.

Babban taron gama gari mafi mahimmanci na shekara ga yawancin ƙungiyoyin Tijjaniyya shine Maulidi, wanda aka sani a Wolof a matsayin Gàmmu (waɗanda aka aro daga tsohuwar bikin addini na Serer na "Gamo" ko "Gamou" na mutanen Serer, daga kalmar Serer Gamahou ko Gamohou [3] ), ko kuma maulidin Muhammad, wanda ya zo a daren 12 ga watan Musulunci na Rabi’ul Awwal (wanda ke nufin daren da ya gabaci 12 ga wata, kamar yadda kwanakin Musulunci ke farawa ne da faduwar rana da faduwar rana. ba tsakar dare ba). Yawancin manyan cibiyoyin addini na Tijjaniyya suna shirya babban taron Maulidi sau ɗaya a shekara, kuma dubban ɗaruruwan almajirai ne ke halarta mafi girma (a Tivaouane, Kaolack, Prang, Kiota, Kano, Fadama, da sauransu) A duk shekara, al'ummomin yankin suna shirya ƙaramin Maulidi. bukukuwan. Wadannan tarurrukan yawanci suna tafiya ne daga misalin tsakar dare har zuwa bayan fitowar alfijir na tsawon sa'o'i na zikiri da rera wakoki da jawabai kan rayuwar Muhammad.

Duba kuma

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Manazarta

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Bayanan kula

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  1. ↑ see Triaud, 2000
  2. ↑ "Nigeria Court in Kano Sentences Cleric to Death for Blasphemy". BBC. 6 January 2016.
  3. ↑ Diouf, Niokhobaye, "Chronique du royaume du Sine, suivie de Notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin (1972)". (1972). Bulletin de l'IFAN, tome 34, série B, no 4, 1972, pp. 706–7 (pp. 4–5), pp. 713–14 (pp. 9–10).

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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