Maghrebi mint shayi
| Maghrebi mint shayi | |
|---|---|
green tea (en)  da mint tea (en) | |
 | |
| Kayan haɗi |
gunpowder tea (en) , Mentha spicata (en) , sukari, Chun Mee tea (en) da Mentha pulegium (en) |
| Tarihi | |
| Asali |
Maghreb (en) |
Maghrebi mint tea (Maghrebi ; Larabci: الشاي flax, aš-šhāy bin-na'nā' [1]), wanda aka fi sani da Moroccan mint tea da Algeria mint tea, shiri ne na Arewacin Afirka na gunpowder green tea tare da spearmint ganye da sukari.[2]
Yana da al'ada ga yankin Maghreb mafi girma (kasashen arewa maso yammacin Afirka na Morocco, Aljeriya, [3] [4] [5] Tunisiya, Libya, da Mauritania). Amfani da shi ya bazu a duk faɗin Arewacin Afirka, sassan Sahel, Faransa, Spain, Duniyar Larabawa, da Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Yin shayi yana da mahimmanci ga rayuwar zamantakewa a Maghreb . kuma ya shahara sosai a tsakanin Mutanen Tuareg na Aljeriya, Libya, Nijar da Mali.[6] Sabis ɗin na iya ɗaukar nau'in bikin, musamman idan aka shirya don baƙo. A al'adance ana yin shayi ne ta hanyar shugaban namiji a cikin iyali kuma ana miƙa shi ga baƙi a matsayin alamar karɓar baƙi. Yawanci, ana ba da akalla gilashin shayi guda uku. Ana shan shayi a ko'ina cikin rana a matsayin aikin zamantakewa. [7] Na'native spearmint naʿnāʿ (نعناع) yana da haske, mai ƙanshi, mai ɗanɗano, kuma shine mint wanda aka saba amfani dashi a cikin shayi na mint na Maghrebi. Sauran hybrids da cultivars na spearmint, gami da yerba buena, ana amfani da su a wasu lokuta a matsayin maye gurbin nana mint. A Maroko, ana yin shayi na mint a wasu lokuta tare da ganye, furanni, ko ruwan orange. A lokacin sanyi, suna ƙara ganye masu yawa kamar mint din pennyroyal da wormwood.[7] An yi amfani da Mint a matsayin abin sha, decoction, da maganin ganye a duk faɗin Bahar Rum tun zamanin d ̄ a. An yi amfani da wannan shuka mai ƙanshi a Aljeriya don warkarwa da hana kwalara lokacin da ta addabi ƙasar daga 1835 har zuwa 1865.
Sunan
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A Mauritania, Morocco da Aljeriya, kalmar shayi ita ce tay, atay ko lātāy; yayin da a Tunisia ita ce et-tey. Wadannan sun bambanta da kalmar Larabci na yau da kullun don shayi, shai (شاي). A cewar Van Driem, ʾit-tāī ya samo asali ne daga yaren Dutch.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Birtaniya ce ta gabatar da shayi na gunpowder a Arewacin Afirka a cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19 ta hanyar Maroko da Aljeriya.
A cewar masanin tarihin abinci, Helen Saberi, shan shayi mai kore da aka cika da mint ya bazu daga Morocco zuwa Aljeriya, Tunisiya, Libya, Masar da kuma kabilun makiyaya na Berbers da Tuareg a cikin Sahara.
Shukari da shayi za su zo daga Turai zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Essaouira, inda 'yan kasuwa Yahudawa waɗanda suka fara ƙaura zuwa biranen bakin teku a ƙarni na 19 suka gudanar da wucewarsu ta cikin Maroko. James Richardson ya rubuta bayanin bikin shayi na Maroko a cikin shekarun 1840, kuma ya ce a lokacin tafiyarsa ana shan shayi ko'ina kuma duk rana.
Shan shayi ya zama alaƙa da ƙarfi da daraja a Maroko, da Ahmed Bin Mubarek (officer of tea), hafsan Sultan Suleiman (r. 1792-1822), ya zama farkon mul atay ( مول أتاي"Maigidan shayi") a cikin Makhzen . [8] A cikin shekaru ashirin bayan Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Maroko na 1856, kuma bayan Kamfanin British East India Company ya karkatar da shayin da ake nufi da jihohin Baltic zuwa Maroko a lokacin Yaƙin Crimean, shigo da shayi ya ninka sau huɗu amma cin shayi ya kasance aikin birni. A cikin al'ummomin birane, shan shayin shayi ya zama alama ce ta matsayi da savoir faire , yayin da a tsakanin manoman karkara hanya ce ta kwaikwayi irin mutanen birni da suke hassada da kyama. [9] Shan shayi ya bazu ta cikin sassa daban-daban na jama'a sakamakon yunwar shekarun 1880, lokacin da ya zama abin maye gurbin kalori na gaggawa, mai hana cin abinci, da yanayin gudanar da al'adun gargajiya ga mazauna karkara da ke mamaye biranen don neman dama. [9]
Wani abu da ya haifar da yaduwar amfani da atay a Maroko shine karancin kofi. Ganin cewa an gabatar da biranen Aljeriya ga Al'adun kofi a ƙarƙashin tasirin Ottomans, za a gabatar da birane na Maroko ne kawai ga kofi daga baya.[9] Hadisai na baki a cikin garin Tlemcen na Aljeriya sun bambanta tsakanin "masu shan shayi na Fas da masu shan kofi na Tlemceni".[9]
A ƙarshen karni na 19, Umurnin Sufi da aka jagoranta daga mutane kamar Muhammad Bin Abdul-Kabir Al-Kattani sun gaya wa mabiyan su kada su sha shayi, suna ƙoƙarin kauracewa sukari da shayi da Turawa suka shigo da su.
A farkon karni na 20, shayi na mint ya zama sananne a Maroko.
Shirye-shiryen
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Abubuwan da ke cikin shayi sune shayi mai kore, sabbin ganye, sukari, da ruwan tafasa.[1] Adadin sinadaran da lokacin shayarwa na iya bambanta sosai. Ana amfani da ruwan tafasa a cikin Maghreb, maimakon ruwan sanyi da ake amfani da shi a Gabashin Asiya don kauce wa zafi. Ana barin ganye a cikin tukunya yayin da ake cinye shayi, yana canza dandano daga gilashi ɗaya zuwa na gaba. Ana zuba shi cikin tabarau daga sama zuwa jujjuya ganyen shayi zuwa kasan gilashin, yayin da yake saurin iska a cikin shayi don inganta dandano.
A cikin hunturu, idan mint yana da wuya, wani lokacin ana maye gurbin ganye na itace (الشيبة shība a cikin Larabci na Maroko) don (ko amfani da su don karawa) mint, yana ba da shayi mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗana.[1] Ana amfani da lemun tsami verbena (لويزة lwiza a cikin Larabci na Maroko) don ba shi dandano lemun tsayi. Sauran ganye da aka yi amfani da su don dandana shayi sun haɗa da oregano, sage, da thyme.[2] Ana sayar da shayi a wasu lokuta a matsayin cakuda shayi da bushe mint, wanda ya fi sauƙi a adana shi da shirya shi amma ya ragu.
-
Ingredients -
Cleaning the tea -
Adding the mint -
Adding the sugar -
Ready to drink
Al'adu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A al'ada, ana ba da shayi sau uku. Yawan lokacin da yake sha yana ba da kowane tabarau na shayi dandano na musamman, wanda aka bayyana a cikin wannan sanannen karin magana na Maghrebi:
The first glass is as gentle as life,
the second is as strong as love,
the third is as bitter as death.[7]
A daya daga cikin waƙoƙin da aka fi sani da Nass El Ghiwane, Es-Siniya (الصينية), ana amfani da teburin shayi a matsayin kwatanci don tattauna wahalar ƙaura daga ƙauye zuwa babban birni kamar Casablanca .
Duba sauran bayanai
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- shayi na Larabci
- Abincin Aljeriya
- Abincin Tunisiya
- Abincin Maroko
- Abincin Libya
- shayi na Libya
- Al'adun shayi
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ هي, مجلة (2020-02-24). "ما هي فوائد الشاي المغربي". مجلة هي (in Larabci). Retrieved 2020-03-17.
- ↑ "The Art of Moroccan Mint Tea and How to Brew It". Organic Authority. Retrieved 2016-10-21.
- ↑ Bouayed, Fatima-Zohra (1970). "La cuisine algérienne". www.abebooks.com. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
- ↑ Finn, Rachel (2007-05-01). "Gâteaux Algériens: A Love Affair". Gastronomica. 7 (2): 78–82. doi:10.1525/gfc.2007.7.2.78. ISSN 1529-3262.
- ↑ BENAYOUN, JOËLLE ALLOUCHE (1983). "Les pratiques culinaires: lieux de mémoire, facteur d'identité". La Rassegna Mensile di Israel. 49 (9/12): 629. ISSN 0033-9792. JSTOR 41285309.
- ↑ Bernus, Edmond (1978). "Les Touaregs: Pasteurs et guerriers des sables" (PDF). Berger-Levrault S.A.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedTea in Morocco - ↑ أكلاو, هند. "من الشاي إلى الأتاي.. كيف أبدع المغاربة مشروبهم السحري؟". www.aljazeera.net (in Larabci). Retrieved 2021-11-10.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Cite error: Invalid
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