Tlemcen

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.

Daga baya a karni na sha hudu, garin sau biyu ya fada karkashin mulkin Sarkin Marinid,Abu al-Hasan Ali(1337–1348)da dansa Abu 'Inan.Duk sau biyun Marinids sun gano cewa ba za su iya rike yankin ba a kan turbar gida.[1]Duk da haka, waɗannan al'amuran sun zama alama sun nuna farkon ƙarshen.A cikin ƙarnuka biyu masu zuwa,Zayyanid Tlemcen ya kasance baƙar fata na Ifriqiya(sa'an nan daular Hafsid ke mulkin),Maghrib al-Aqsa(daular Marinid ke mulkin),ko Aragon.[2]Lokacin da Mutanen Espanya suka karbi birnin Oran daga Zayyanids a 1509,ci gaba da matsin lamba daga Berbers ya sa Mutanen Espanya su yi ƙoƙari su yi yaƙi da Tlemcen a 1543,wanda Paparoma ya ɗauka a matsayin yakin basasa.Mutanen Espanya sun kasa kai wa birnin hari a farkon harin,kodayake raunin dabara na Tlemcen ya sa nauyin masarautar ya karkata zuwa ga mafi aminci kuma mafi ƙaƙƙarfan ginin corsair a Algiers.[ana buƙatar hujja]</link>

An ba da rahoton cewa wani mataimaki na Bayahude mai suna Ibrahim ya ba da shawarar mai mulkin Tlemcen,wanda,a lokacin binciken Torquemada,ya buɗe ƙofar Tlemcen ga Yahudawa da Musulmai 'yan gudun hijirar da suka tsere daga Spain.An ce Ibrahim ya tallafa musu da kudinsa da kuma hakurin sarkin Tlemcen.[ana buƙatar hujja]</link>

Bayan shekaru[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Masallacin Sidi Bellahsen, Tlemcen
Mutane da sunan Tlemcen

A cikin 1551,Tlemcen ya zo ƙarƙashin mulkin Ottoman bayan Yaƙin Tlemcen. Tlemcen da lardunan Aljeriya sun sake samun 'yancin kai mai inganci a cikin lamuransu a shekara ta 1671,kodayake Tlemcen ba ya zama kujerar gwamnati kamar da.An kori Mutanen Espanya daga Oran a cikin 1792,amma bayan shekaru talatin,Faransawa suka maye gurbinsu, suka kwace Algiers.Wasu jiragen ruwa na Faransa sun yi ruwan bama-bamai a Algiers a shekara ta 1830,a lokacin ne sojojin Faransa suka mamaye mulkin mallaka;babban haɗin gwiwar ƴan ƙasar ya ci gaba da yin tsayayya,an daidaita shi a hankali a Tlemcen.

Tlemcen wuri ne na hutu da ja da baya ga mazauna Faransawa a Aljeriya,waɗanda suka same shi da zafi fiye da Oran ko Algiers.Garin ya daidaita kuma ya zama mafi ƙasƙanci,tare da hangen nesa na musamman game da fasaha da al'adu,da gine-ginensa da rayuwar birni sun samo asali don ɗaukar wannan sabon ma'ana.A cikin yunƙurin ƴancin kai na tsakiyar karni na ashirin,an yi shiru ba kadan ba,wanda ke nuni da yadda birnin ke da nisa daga hargitsin Algiers.A cikin 1943 Tlemcen ya ɗan fi tsayawar layin dogo.A ranar 13 ga watan Janairu wani sintiri na jiragen kasa na Biritaniya da Amurka sun yi wani artabu da sojojin Afrika Korps da ke ja da baya.Yayin da Sojojin Amurka suka yi tattaki zuwa gabas daga filin sauka da saukan Maroko,Sojojin Biritaniya na 8 sun kori yamma,inda suka tilastawa Jamusawa cikin aljihun kwashewa a Tunis.[3]Tsakanin 1942-1943,kafin tashi zuwa Italiya,Ƙungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka ta kafa ƙayyadaddun asibitoci guda biyu a Tlemcen:9th Evacuation(a matsayin tashar),12-26 Disamba 1942. Gadaje dari bakwai da hamsin da tashar 32d,28 ga Fabrairu–28 ga Nuwamba 1943,gadaje 500.[4]

Mafi mahimmancin wurin hajji na dukkan addinai zuwa Tlemcen shine makabartar Yahudawa da ke bayan gari.Kimanin mutane 10,000 a duk duniya sun yi tafiya zuwa wurin.</link> ]da haka,duk da ’yancin addini,al’ummarsu ba su taɓa ƙidaya fiye da 5,000-6,000 ba a ƙarni na 20,kuma dokokin nuna wariya sun kasance suna aiki tun 1881.[ana buƙatar hujja]</link>Bayan na Aljeriya a 1962,yawancin ƙananan Yahudawa sun ƙaura zuwa babban birnin Faransa.[5]Kabilun Berber a tarihi sun yi ikirarin Yahudanci.A lokacin mulkin mallaka sun yi aiki a cikin sojojin Faransa. Yahudawan Faransa na ƙungiyar Isra'ila Universelle sun biya kuɗin makarantar Yahudawa na gida,wanda aka rufe a 1934, watakila saboda haɓakar Fascism.[6]A shekara ta 2009 majiyoyin Jordan sun ruwaito cewa gwamnatin Aljeriya ta yi niyyar mayar da kaburburan Yahudawa da aka lalata a makabartar mai tarihi.

Yanayi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tlemcen yana da yanayin zafi-lokacin rani na Bahar Rum(Köppen weather classification Csa).

Climate data for {{{location}}}
Watan Janairu Fabrairu Maris Afrilu Mayu Yuni Yuli Ogusta Satumba Oktoba Nuwamba Disamba Shekara
[Ana bukatan hujja]

Alkaluma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An raba yawan jama'ar Tlemcen tsakanin Hadars(tsakiyar aji,zuriyar Moors)da Kouloughlis(zuriyar Turkawa da matan Berber).

Al'adu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tsawon ƙarni na ɗimbin tarihi da al'adunsa sun sanya birnin ya zama cibiyar haɗakar kiɗa da fasaha ta musamman.Sana'o'inta da kayan sana'o'in hannu da kyawawan al'adun Berber da Andalusi,da sanyin yanayi a cikin tsaunuka sun sanya ta zama muhimmiyar cibiyar yawon shakatawa a Aljeriya.Gida ne ga wani kyakkyawan kabari—na Sidi Boumédiène,wanda kabarinsa yana kusa da wani masallaci.An kammala Babban Masallacin Tlemcen a shekara ta 1136 kuma an ce shine mafi girman misalin da ya rage na gine-ginen Almoravid.[7]

Mai jarida[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Jaridu[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  • Le Petit Tlemcenien,harshen Faransanci na mako-mako(1882)

Sufuri[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Filin jirgin sama na Zenata na duniya - Messali El Hadj ke ba da shi.

Fitattun mutane[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  • Ibn Abi Hajalah (1325-1375), mawaki kuma marubuci
  • Ahmed Mohammed al-Maqqari (1591-1632), masanin tarihi
  • Eugénie Buffet (1866-1934), mawaƙin Faransa
  • Larbi Bensari (1867-1964), mawaki
  • Henri Dickson (1872-1938), mawaƙin Faransa
  • Cheikha Tetma (1891-1962), mawaki
  • Messali Hadj (1898-1974), ɗan siyasan ƙasa
  • Hocine Benachenhou (1898-1979), juyin juya halin siyasa
  • Abdelhalim Hemche (1906-1979), mai zane
  • Abdelhamid Benachenhou (1907-1976), masanin tarihi
  • Paul Bénichou (1908-2001), marubucin Faransanci kuma masanin tarihi
  • Abdelkrim Dali (1914-1978), mawaki
  • Mohammed Dib (1920-2003), marubuci
  • Benaouda Benzerdjeb (1921-1956), likita kuma shahidi
  • Bachir Yellès (1921-2022), mai zane
  • Djilali Sari (an haife shi a shekara ta 1928), masanin ilimin zamantakewa kuma masanin tarihi
  • Abdelmadjid Meziane (1929-2001), masani kuma masanin tauhidi
  • Kamel Malti (an haife shi a shekara ta 1929), masanin kida [8]
  • Choukri Mesli (an haife shi a shekara ta 1931), mai zane
  • Marie-Claude Gay (an haife ta a shekara ta 1942), marubuciya ce ta Faransa
  • Mourad Medelci (1943-2019), ɗan siyasa
  • Ahmed Benhelli (an haife shi a shekara ta 1940), jami'in diflomasiyya
  • Rachid Baba Ahmed (1946–1995), mawaki kuma mawaki
  • Sami Naïr (an haife shi a shekara ta 1946), masanin falsafar siyasa
  • Emile Malet (an haife shi a shekara ta 1947), ɗan jaridar Faransa kuma marubuci
  • Latifa Ben Mansour (an haife shi a shekara ta 1950), marubuci
  • Patrick Bruel (an haife shi a shekara ta 1959), ɗan wasan Faransa kuma mawaƙa
  • Mohamed Zaoui (an haife shi a shekara ta 1960), ɗan dambe
  • Kherris Kheireddine (an haife shi a shekara ta 1973), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya
  • Anwar Boudjakdji (an haife shi a shekara ta 1976), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya
  • Kamel Habri (an haife shi a shekara ta 1976), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya
  • Dahlab Ali (an haife shi a shekara ta 1976), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya

Alakar kasa da kasa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Garuruwan Twin - garuruwan 'yan'uwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tlemcen an haɗa shi da:

Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  • WA Tlemcen
  • Tlemcen National Park
  • El-Ourit Waterfalls

Nassoshi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ Hrbek (1997: 39).
  2. ↑ Hrbek (1997: 41).
  3. ↑ the battle was depicted in the film Casablanca Express (1989) Casablanca Express Retrieved 1 December 2016
  4. ↑ US Medical Corps during Second World War Retrieved 1 December 2016
  5. ↑ Algerian archive file Archived 2015-09-11 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 1 December 2016
  6. ↑ Tlemcen Jewish heritage Retrieved 1 December 2016
  7. ↑ M. Talbi (1997), The Spread of Civilization in the Maghrib and its Impact on Western Civilization, in Joseph Ki-Zerbo & Djibril T Niane (eds.) (1997), General History of Africa, vol. IV: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century (abridged ed.) UNESCO, James Curry Ltd., and Univ. Calif. Press., pp. 24-33.
  8. ↑ Hommage à Mahieddine Kamel Malti : L'immensité discrète, El Watan du 14/05/2011
  9. ↑ since 11 July 1989
  10. ↑ since 1964
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