Taron Duniya kan Hakkokin Dan Adam

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Infotaula d'esdevenimentTaron Duniya kan Hakkokin Dan Adam
Iri babban taro
Kwanan watan 14 –  25 ga Yuni, 1993
Muhimmin darasi Hakkokin Yan-adam
Wuri Vienna
Mai-tsarawa Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta gudanar da taron kare hakkin dan Adam na duniya a Vienna, Austria, a ranar 14 zuwa 25 ga watan Yuni shekarar 1993. [1] Wannan dai shi ne taron kare hakkin bil adama na farko da aka gudanar tun bayan kawo karshen yakin cacar baka. Babban sakamakon taron shine sanarwar Vienna da Shirin Aiki.

Fage[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Duk da cewa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta dade tana aiki a fagen kare hakkin dan Adam, [2] taron Vienna ya kasance taro na biyu ne kawai na duniya da aka mayar da hankali kan kare hakkin bil adama musamman, wanda na farko shi ne taron kasa da kasa kan hakkin dan Adam da aka gudanar a Tehran, Iran., a cikin watannin Afrilu–Mayu 1968 don bikin cika shekaru ashirin da shelar ‘yancin ɗan adam ta duniya. [3] [4]

Taron Vienna ya zo ne a daidai lokacin da tarurrukan duniya suka shahara, inda aka gudanar da taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan muhalli da raya kasa a Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, a watan Yunin 1992, da taron kasa da kasa kan yawan jama'a da ci gaba a birnin Alkahira na kasar Masar, nan ba da jimawa ba. a watan Satumba 1994. [3] Bayan haka, za a yi taruka da yawa, ciki har da taron koli na duniya kan raya al'umma a birnin Copenhagen na kasar Denmark, a watan Maris na shekarar 1995 da taron duniya karo na hudu kan mata a birnin Beijing na kasar Sin, a watan Satumba na shekarar 1995. Ana kallon irin waɗannan tarurrukan a matsayin wata hanya ta haɓaka shiga duniya, tuntuɓar juna, da tsara manufofi, kuma ana ganin ta a matsayin wata babbar sabuwar hanya ta yin tasiri ga al'ummar duniya. [3]

An fara gabatar da ra'ayin yin taron duniya kan 'yancin ɗan adam a cikin 1989. [3] Ƙarshen yakin cacar-baka ya haifar da bege cewa dogon lokaci da gurgujewar ɗabi'un Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya saboda adawar da ake yi tsakanin manyan masu ƙarfi za su ƙare. [3]

Gabanin taron na shekarar 1993, an yi hasarar yawancin kyakkyawan fata na zamanin 1989. [5] An gudanar da tarurrukan shirye-shirye a birnin Geneva na kasar Switzerland, tun daga shekarar 1991, kamar yadda wasu tarurrukan yanki da tauraron dan adam suka yi. [5] Wadannan sun yi gwagwarmaya don samar da sababbin ra'ayoyin da kasashe za su iya amincewa da su, [6] da kuma nuna bambance-bambancen da ke tattare da rawar da ake takawa na mulkin kasa, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs), da kuma ko sababbin kayan kare hakkin bil'adama na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun kasance mai yiwuwa kuma ba tare da nuna bambanci ba. [1] Daga karshe an tilastawa babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya yanke shawara kan ajandar taron a shekarar 1992. [1] [5] Pierre Sané, Sakatare Janar na Amnesty International, ya damu da cewa taron na iya wakiltar wani mataki na baya-bayan nan game da 'yancin ɗan adam. [6] Ya kara da cewa, “Ba abin mamaki ba ne gwamnatocin ba su wuce gona da iri ba. Bayan haka, su ne suke tauye haqqin bil’adama.” [6]

Taro[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Taron na duniya kan kare hakkin dan Adam ya samu halartar wakilan kasashe 171 da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu 800, tare da mahalarta kusan 7,000 gaba daya. [3] [7] Wannan ya sa ya zama taro mafi girma da aka taɓa yi kan haƙƙin ɗan adam. [3] Masanin kare hakkin dan Adam John Pace ne ya shirya shi.

An yi ta tattaunawa da yawa gabanin taron kan abubuwan da ba za a iya fada a lokacin taron ba. Dokokin da aka amince da su sun bayyana cewa, ba za a iya ambata takamammen ƙasashe ko wuraren da ake cin zarafin ɗan adam ba, ciki har da waɗanda ke da hannu cikin tashe-tashen hankula na yanzu kamar Bosnia da Herzegovina, Angola, da Laberiya, da waɗanda ke ci gaba da sukar haƙƙin ɗan adam, kamar China, da Kuba. [8] [9] Maimakon haka, za a tattauna batun take haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin zayyana kawai; wannan ya sa jaridar New York Times ta bayyana cewa taron yana gudana "A cikin wani yanayi mai ban mamaki da aka cire daga gaskiya." [8] Musamman ma cewa, yakin Bosnia da ke ci gaba da gudana a jirgin sama na sa'o'i daya kacal daga Vienna ya shaida cewa babu wani sabon zamani na hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa da ya fara aiki. [5]

Duk da ka'idojin, kungiyoyi da masu zanga-zangar a wurin taron sun yi farin cikin ambaton takamaiman cin zarafi da ake ci gaba da yi a duk fadin duniya, inda da yawa ke nuna hotunan ta'addanci a kokarin nuna rashin amincewa da juna. [10] Wani wanda ya damu game da yanayin Polisario Front da yammacin Sahara ya ce, "Yana da wuya a lura." [10]

Taron ya yi nazari mai zurfi game da 'yancin ɗan adam, tare da ƙoƙarin nuna yancin mata, 'yancin 'yan asalin ƙasa, 'yancin tsiraru, da dai sauransu a cikin yanayin siyasa da tattalin arziki na duniya. Hakkokin mata musamman sun samu gagarumin tasiri a wajen taron.

Daya daga cikin laifuffukan da aka yi a taron shi ne kasashen yammacin duniya da suka shelanta wata ma'ana ta bai daya ga hakkin bil'adama da kasashen da suka ce hakkin bil'adama na bukatar fassara daban-daban a cikin al'adun da ba na yammacin Turai ba, kuma yunkurin sanya ma'anar duniya ya zama tsoma baki a cikin harkokinsu na cikin gida. [11] China, Syria da Iran ne suka jagoranci kungiyar ta baya, sannan ta hada da wasu kasashen Asiya kamar Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, da Vietnam. [11] A ranar bude taron, sakataren harkokin wajen Amurka Warren Christopher ya yi kakkausar suka ga wannan ra'ayi, yana mai cewa "Ba za mu iya barin dangantar al'adu ta zama mafaka ta karshe na danniya ba." [11]

Tsohuwar memba na Majalisar Wakilan Amurka kuma 'yar takarar mataimakin shugaban kasa Geraldine Ferraro ta halarci taron a matsayin wakiliyar Amurka, [12] kuma ta kasance daya daga cikin mahalarta taron masu matukar sha'awar al'amuran 'yancin mata. [13]

Duk da matsin lamba daga jamhuriyar jama'ar kasar Sin, [14] Dalai Lama na 14 ya iya ba da jawabi a gun taron kan nauyin da ya rataya a wuyan dan Adam.[15] [16]

Sakamako[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Babban sakamakon taron duniya kan 'yancin ɗan adam shine sanarwar Vienna da Shirin Aiki, wanda aka tsara a ƙarshen taron [9] kuma an amince da shi ta hanyar yarjejeniya ta jihohi 171 a ranar 25 ga watan Yuni 1993. Yayin da wata fassara mai yuwuwa tana ganin wannan takarda a matsayin "kyakkyawan tsari amma wa'azi mara kyau", ya zo ya wakilci yawancin ijma'i kamar yadda ake iya samu kan 'yancin ɗan adam a farkon shekarun 1990. [9] Kuma a hakika ya sanya sabbin maki a ayyukan kare hakkin dan adam a fannoni da dama. Ya kafa dogaro da dimokuradiyya, da ci gaban tattalin arziki, da yancin ɗan adam. [1] Musamman, ya maye gurbin Yakin Cold War na 'Yancin Jama'a da Siyasa (CPR) ban da 'yancin zamantakewa da al'adu na tattalin arziki (ESCR) tare da manufar haƙƙin ba za a iya raba su ba (wanda ba zai iya ɗaukar nau'in haƙƙin ɗaya ba tare da ɗayan ba), haɗin kai (saitin ɗaya). na hakkoki yana buƙatar tabbatar da ɗayan), da kuma alaƙa (cewa duk haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam suna da alaƙa da juna). [17] Ta yi kira da a samar da kayan aikin tallatawa da kare hakkin mata da yara da kuma ‘yan asalin kasar. [1] Ta bukaci karin kudade ga Cibiyar kare hakkin Bil Adama ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. [7] Mafi mahimmanci, ta yi kira ga sabon ofishi, Babban Kwamishinan 'Yancin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. [7]

Daga baya Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da sanarwar a matsayin wani bangare na kuduri mai lamba 48/121.Har ila yau, ta samar da matsayin Babban Kwamishinan Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a ranar 20 ga watan Disamba 1993.

A farkon shekara ta 2000s, an fayyace wuraren da sanarwar Vienna da Shirin Aiki suka ba da shawarar an cika su gabaɗaya ko a sashi. [7] Taron ya kuma bayyana muhimmancin da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu za su ci gaba da takawa wajen samar da ayyukan kare hakkin bil adama. [7] [9]

Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Norchi, Charles (2004). "Human Rights: A Global Common Interest" . In Krasno, Jean E. (ed.). The United Nations: Confronting the Challenges of a Global Society . Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 87 . ISBN 1-58826-280-4 .Empty citation (help)
  2. ↑ "Timeline: Human Rights Conventions" . Al Jazeera . Retrieved 22 March 2009.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Boyle, Kevin (1995). "Stock- Taking on Human Rights: The World Conference on Human Rights, Vienna 1993" . In Beetham, David (ed.). Politics and Human Rights . Wiley-Blackwell . p. 79 . ISBN 0-631-19666-8 .Empty citation (help)
  4. ↑ "Proclamation of Tehran, Final Act of the International Conference on Human Rights, Teheran, 22 April to 13 May 1968" . U.N. Doc. A/CONF. 32/41 at 3 (1968) via University of Minnesota Human Rights Library. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Boyle, "Stock-Taking on Human Rights", p. 80.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Riding, Alan (25 April 1993). "A Bleak Assessment as Rights Meeting Nears". The New York Times. pp. 1–11.Riding, Alan (25 April 1993). "A Bleak Assessment as Rights Meeting Nears" . The New York Times . pp. 1–11.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Norchi, "Human Rights: A Global Common Interest", p. 88.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Riding, Alan (14 June 1993). "A Rights Meeting, but Don't Mention the Wronged". The New York Times. p. A3.Riding, Alan (14 June 1993). "A Rights Meeting, but Don't Mention the Wronged" . The New York Times . p. A3.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Boyle, "Stock-Taking on Human Rights", p. 81.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Riding, Alan (16 June 1993). "Women Seize Focus at Rights Forum". The New York Times. p. A3.Riding, Alan (16 June 1993). "Women Seize Focus at Rights Forum" . The New York Times . p. A3.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Sciolino, Elaine (15 June 1993). "U.S. Rejects Notion That Human Rights Vary With Culture". The New York Times. p. A1.Sciolino, Elaine (15 June 1993). "U.S. Rejects Notion That Human Rights Vary With Culture" . The New York Times . p. A1.
  12. ↑ "Geraldine Ferraro – Bio" . Fox News Channel . 5 September 2003. Retrieved 22 March 2009.
  13. ↑ Ferraro, Geraldine (10 June 1993). "Human Rights for Women" . The New York Times . p. A27 op-ed.
  14. ↑ Lettre datée du 24 juin 1993, adressée au Président de la Conférence mondiale sur les droits de l'homme par le Chef adjoint de la délégation chinoise
  15. ↑ Pierre-Antoine Donnet , Tibet mort ou vif, Édition Gallimard, 1990 ; Nouv. éd. augmentée 1993, ISBN 2-07-032802-3 ( Tibet: Survival in Question , traduction Tica Broch, Oxford/Zed Books, 1994, ISBN 0-19-563573-6 , ISBN 1-85649-130-7 , ISBN 1-85649-129-3 )
  16. ↑ "A speech given by His Holiness the Dalai Lama to the United Nations World Conference on Human Rights, Vienna, Austria, June 1993". Archived from the original on 2012-05-05. Retrieved 2023-06-02.
  17. ↑ Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, Part I, para 5

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