Decolonization na Afirka
 Decolonization na Afirka | |
|---|---|
decolonization (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Nahiya | Afirka |
Decolonisation na mulkin mallaka na Afirka wani tsari ne da ya gudana daga tsakiyar shekarun 1950 zuwa shekara ta 1975 a lokacin yakin cacar baka, tare da samun sauye-sauye na gwamnati a nahiyar yayin da gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suka yi sauye-sauye zuwa kasashe masu cin gashin kansu. Tsarin ya kasance sau da yawa yana cike da tashin hankali, rikice-rikicen siyasa, tarzoma mai yaduwa, da shirya tawaye a cikin kasashen arewaci da na kudu da hamadar Sahara da suka hada da tawayen Mau Mau a Kenya ta Birtaniya, Yakin Aljeriya a Aljeriya na Faransa, Rikicin Kongo a Kongo Belgian, Yakin samun yancin kai na Angola a kasar Portugal Angola da juyin juya halin Zanzibar a masarautar Zanzibar da yakin basasar Najeriya a kasar Biafra mai neman ballewa. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
Fage
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
The " Scramble for Africa "tsakanin 1870 zuwa 1914 wani muhimmin lokaci ne na mulkin mallaka na Turai a Afirka wanda ya ƙare tare da kusan dukkanin Afirka, da albarkatun kasa, wanda wasu ƙananan ƙasashen Turai ke iko da su a matsayin mulkin mallaka. Ƴan tsere don tabbatar da ƙasa mai yawa tare da guje wa rikici a tsakanin su, an tabbatar da rabuwar Afirka a cikin yarjejeniyar Berlin ta 1885, ba tare da la'akari da bambance-bambancen gida ba.[6][7] Kusan dukkan kasashen Afirka kafin mulkin mallaka sun rasa ikonsu, sai dai kawai Laberiya (wadda aka zaunar da ita a farkon karni na 19 ta tsoffin bayin Amurkawa na Afirka) da Habasha (daga baya Italiya ta mamaye a 1936).[8] Biritaniya da Faransa suna da mafi girma a hannun jari, amma Jamus, Spain, Italiya, Belgium, da Portugal kuma suna da mazauna. [9] Tsarin cire mulkin mallaka ya fara ne a sakamakon yakin duniya na biyu kai tsaye. A shekarar 1977, kasashen Afirka 50 ne suka sami 'yancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka.[10]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ John Hatch, Africa: The Rebirth of Self-Rule (1967)
- ↑ William Roger Louis, The transfer of power in Africa: decolonization, 1940-1960 (Yale UP, 1982).
- ↑ Birmingham, David (1995). The Decolonization of Africa. Routledge. ISBN 1-85728-540-9
- ↑ John D. Hargreaves, Decolonization in Africa (2014).
- ↑ for the viewpoint from London and Paris see Rudolf von Albertini, Decolonization: the Administration and Future of the Colonies, 1919-1960 (Doubleday, 1971).
- ↑ Appiah, Anthony; Gates Jr., Henry Louis Gates (2010). Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 . www.oxfordreference.com . ISBN 978-0-19-533770-9 . Retrieved 11 January 2015.
- ↑ "A Brief History of the Berlin Conference" . teacherweb.ftl.pinecrest.edu . Archived from the original on 15 February 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
- ↑ Evans, Alistair. "Countries in Africa Considered Never Colonized" . africanhistory.about.com . Archived from the original on 22 February 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ [1] Archived 10 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine , DECOLONISATION OF AFRICA. (2017). HISTORY AND GENERAL STUDIES.