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Mutanen Karibiyan

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Mutanen Karibiyan
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Bakaken Mutane da sub-Saharan Africans (en) Fassara

Mutanen Afro-Caribbean ko Caribbean na Afirka mutanen Caribbean ne waɗanda ke bin zuriyarsu ga ƴan asalin Afirka . Yawancin mutanen Afro-Caribbean na zamani sun fito ne daga ' yan Afirka (musamman daga Afirka ta Tsakiya da Yammacin Afirka ) waɗanda aka ɗauka a matsayin bayi zuwa Caribbean na mulkin mallaka ta hanyar cinikin bayi na Atlantic tsakanin karni na 15 da 19th don yin aiki da farko a kan nau'o'in sukari daban-daban da kuma a cikin gida. gidaje. Sauran sunaye na ƙungiyar sun haɗa da Black Caribbean, Afro ko Black West Indian ko Afro ko Black Antillean . Kalmar Afro-Caribbean ba mutanen Caribbean da kansu suka kirkiro ba amma Amurkawa na Turai ne suka fara amfani da ita a ƙarshen 1960s. [1]

Mutanen Afro-Caribbean a yau galibinsu na tsakiyar Afirka ne da yammacin Afirka, kuma suna iya kasancewa na wasu gauraye daban-daban, da suka hada da Turai, Sinawa, Asiya ta Kudu da kuma 'yan asalin Amurkawa, saboda an yi auratayya mai yawa da ƙungiyoyi a tsakanin al'ummomin ƙasar. Caribbean tsawon ƙarni.

Ko da yake mafi yawan mutanen Afro-Caribbean a yau suna ci gaba da zama a cikin Ingilishi da Faransanci da Mutanen Espanya na ƙasashen Caribbean da yankuna, akwai kuma ɗimbin al'ummar ƙasashen waje a yammacin duniya, musamman a Amurka, Kanada, United Kingdom, Faransa da Netherlands . Mutanen Caribbean galibi mabiya addinin Kirista ne, ko da yake wasu suna yin addinan da suka samo asali daga Afirka ko kuma na syncretic, kamar Santeria ko Vodou . Mutane da yawa suna magana da yarukan ƙwararru, kamar Haitian Creole, Jamaican Patois, Saint Lucian Creole ko Papiamento .

Dukan jama'ar gida da na waje sun samar da mutane da yawa waɗanda suka yi tasiri sosai a cikin al'ummomin Afirka, Caribbean da Yammacin Turai na zamani; sun hada da masu fafutuka na siyasa irin su Marcus Garvey da CLR James ; marubuta da masu tunani irin su Aimé Césaire da Frantz Fanon ; Shugaban sojan Amurka kuma dan siyasa Colin Powell ; 'yan wasa irin su Usain Bolt, Tim Duncan da David Ortiz ; da mawaƙa Bob Marley, Nicki Minaj, Rihanna da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Sir Sidney Poitier .

Tarihi

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Karni na 16-18

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A zamanin bayan Colombia, tsibiran tsibirai da tsibiran Caribbean sune wuraren farko na tarwatsa mazaunan Afirka a yammacin Tekun Atlantika. Musamman, a cikin 1492, Pedro Alonso Niño, ɗan Afirka Bafaranshen tekun teku, an rubuta shi a matsayin matuƙin jirgin ruwa na Columbus. Ya dawo a 1499, amma bai zauna ba. A farkon karni na 16, 'yan Afirka da yawa sun fara shiga cikin yawan jama'ar yankin Caribbean na Spain, wani lokaci suna zuwa a matsayin maza masu 'yanci na gauraye na kakanni ko kuma a matsayin bayi, amma suna ƙara zama masu aiki da bayi. Wannan karuwar bukatar aiki na Afirka a cikin Caribbean ya kasance a wani bangare sakamakon raguwar yawan jama'a na 'yan asalin Taino da sauran 'yan asalin da ke haifar da sababbin cututtuka, yanayi mai tsanani, da yakin da Turawan mulkin mallaka suka kawo. A tsakiyar karni na 16, cinikin bayi daga Afirka ta Yamma zuwa Caribbean ya kasance mai fa'ida sosai wanda Francis Drake da John Hawkins suka shirya don shiga cikin fashin teku tare da karya dokokin mulkin mallaka na Spain, don yin jigilar mutane kusan 1500 bayi daga Saliyo. Leone zuwa Hispaniola ( Haiti na zamani da Jamhuriyar Dominican ). [2]

A cikin ƙarni na 17th da 18th, ci gaban turawan mulkin mallaka a cikin Caribbean ya ƙara dogaro da bautar shuka don noma da sarrafa amfanin gona mai riba na rake . A tsibirai da yawa jim kaɗan kafin ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, ’yan Afro-Caribbean da suka bautar da su sun zarce yawan iyayengijinsu na Turai. Bugu da ƙari, an haɓaka wani nau'i na masu launi masu kyauta, musamman a cikin tsibirin Faransanci, inda aka ba wa mutanen da ke da bambancin launin fata wasu hakkoki. [3] A kan Saint-Domingue, 'yantattun mutane masu launi da bayi sun yi tawaye ga mummunan yanayi, da kuma yakin tsaka-tsakin daular. Tunanin juyin juya hali na Faransa wanda a wani lokaci ya 'yantar da bayi, Toussaint L'Ouverture da Jean Jacques Dessalines sun jagoranci juyin juya halin Haiti wanda ya sami 'yancin kai na Haiti a 1804, jamhuriyar Afro-Caribbean ta farko a yammacin Hemisphere .

Ƙarni na 19-20

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A cikin 1804, Haiti, tare da yawan al'ummar Afirka da jagorancinta, ta zama ƙasa ta biyu a cikin Amurka don samun 'yancin kai daga wata ƙasa ta Turai. A cikin karni na 19, ci gaba da taguwar tawaye, irin su yakin Baptist, wanda Sam Sharpe ya jagoranta a Jamaica, ya haifar da yanayi don ƙara kawar da bautar a yankin ta hanyar mulkin mallaka daban-daban. Biritaniya ta kawar da bautar da ke cikin hannunta a cikin 1834. Kasar Cuba ita ce tsibiri na karshe da aka 'yantar da shi, lokacin da Spain ta kawar da bauta a yankunanta.

A cikin karni na 20, mutanen Afro-Caribbean, waɗanda suke da rinjaye a yawancin al'ummomin Caribbean, sun fara tabbatar da haƙƙoƙin al'adu, tattalin arziki, da siyasa tare da ƙarin ƙarfi a fagen duniya. Marcus Garvey yana cikin manyan baƙi masu tasiri zuwa Amurka daga Jamaica, yana faɗaɗa motsin UNIA a birnin New York da Amurka [4] Afro-Caribbean sun kasance masu tasiri a Harlem Renaissance a matsayin masu fasaha da marubuta. Aimé Césaire ya haɓaka motsi na négritude .

A cikin 1960s, an baiwa yankunan Yammacin Indiya yancin kai na siyasa daga mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya . Sun kasance gaba-gaba wajen ƙirƙirar sabbin nau'ikan al'adu kamar kiɗan reggae, calypso da Rastafari a cikin Caribbean. Bayan yankin, ƙauyukan Afro-Caribbean masu tasowa a Amurka, ciki har da irin waɗannan adadi kamar Stokely Carmichael da DJ Kool Herc, sun kasance masu tasiri a cikin ci gaban Black Power motsi na 1960s da kuma motsi na hip-hop na 1980s. Har ila yau, mutanen Afirka-Caribbean sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban al'adu a Turai, kamar yadda masu tasiri masu tasiri irin su Frantz Fanon [5] da Stuart Hall suka tabbatar. [6]

Fitattun mutane

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Siyasa

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  • Sir Grantley Adams - Barbados, ɗan siyasa kuma lauya; Firayim Minista na farko kuma kawai Firayim Minista na Tarayyar Yammacin Indies (1958-1962)
  • Jean-Bertrand Aristide - ɗan siyasa, firist kuma shugaban ƙasa, Haiti
  • Dean Barrow - shugaban gwamnati, Belize
  • Maurice Bishop - Grenada, jagoran juyin juya hali
  • Paul Bogle - Jamaica, dan gwagwarmayar siyasa
  • Ertha Pascal Trouillot – Haiti, mace bakar fata ta farko shugabar kasa a duniya, lauya
  • Juan Almeida Bosque - dan juyin juya halin Cuban kuma ɗan siyasa
  • Dutty Boukman - mai gwagwarmayar 'yanci na Haiti
  • Forbes Burnham - Guyana, shugaban gwamnati
  • Bussa - Barbados, mai gwagwarmayar 'yanci
  • Stokely Carmichael - haifaffen Trinidad, mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a kuma jagora a Amurka
  • Mary Eugenia Charles - Shugabar gwamnatin Dominican
  • Perry Christie - Bahamian, ɗan siyasa kuma lauya
  • Henri Christophe - Haiti, mai neman sauyi, janar kuma shugaban kasa
  • David Clarke (sheriff) - Barbudan, tsohon Sheriff na Milwaukee
  • John Compton - Saint Lucia, ɗan siyasa kuma lauya
  • Francisco del Rosario Sánchez - Jamhuriyar Dominican wanda ya kafa mahaifinsa, mai juyin juya hali, kuma shugaban kasa
  • Paris Dennard - Grenada, tsohon mai sharhin siyasa na CNN
  • Jean-Jacques Dessalines - Haiti (est. 1804), juyin juya hali, janar kuma shugaban farko na jihar Haiti mai cin gashin kanta.
  • Papa Doc Duvalier - mai mulkin Haiti, karni na 20
  • Marcus Garvey - Jamaica, ɗan siyasa kuma marubuci, wanda ya kafa UNIA kuma mai aiki a siyasar Amurka daga 1916 zuwa 1927
  • Philip Goldson - Belize, ɗan siyasa
  • Ulises Heureaux - Shugaban Jamhuriyar Dominican kuma shugaban soja
  • Sam Hinds - Guyana, shugaban gwamnati
  • Hubert Ingraham - Bahamian, ɗan siyasa kuma lauya
  • Toussaint L'Ouverture - Saint-Domingue, juyin juya hali, janar kuma gwamna
  • Joseph Robert Love - Bahamian haifaffen, likitan likita; Dan siyasar Jamaica kuma dan gwagwarmayar siyasa wanda ya rinjayi Marcus Garvey
  • Gregorio Luperón - Jamhuriyar Dominican juyin juya hali, janar da shugaban kasa
  • Antonio Maceo Grajales - Cuban juyin juya hali da kuma janar
  • Michael Manley - Jamaica, ɗan siyasa
  • Jon Miller - Montserrat, Mai watsa shiri na BlazeTV
  • Nanny na Maroons - Jamaica, mai gwagwarmayar 'yanci
  • Jeanne Odo - Haiti, abolitionist
  • Candace Owens - Bature Islander, PragerU Radio da Wanda ya kafa Blexit
  • Lynden Pindling - Bahamas ɗan siyasa, kuma Firayim Minista na farko na Bahamas
  • Samuel Jackman Prescod - Barbados, ɗan siyasan Afro-Caribbean da aka fara zaɓe a Majalisar Dokoki
  • Sam Sharpe - Jamaica, mai gwagwarmayar 'yanci
  • kadaici - Guadeloupe, mai gwagwarmayar 'yanci
  • Eric Eustace Williams - dan siyasar Trinidad da Tobago, marubuci kuma shugaban gwamnati
  • Shirley Chisholm – ‘yar asalin Guyana da Bajan, bakar fata ta farko da aka zaba a majalisar dokokin Amurka, ‘yar takarar shugabancin Amurka a babbar jam’iyyar bakar fata ta farko.
  • Colin Powell – Zuriyar Jamaica, Janar Janar na Sojan Amurka, Shugaban Hafsan Hafsoshin Soja
  • Kamala Devi Harris – Zuriyar Jamaica, Ba’amurke ta farko, Ba’amurke Asiya ta farko, kuma mace ta farko mataimakiyar Shugabar Amurka.

Kimiyya da falsafa

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  • Alfredo Bowman (Dr. Sebi) - Likitan ganyayyaki na duniya daga Honduras.
  • Frantz Fanon - Martinique, marubuci, likitan hauka da gwagwarmayar 'yanci
  • Hubert Harrison - St. Croix, marubuci, mai magana, malami, mai suka, kuma kabilanci da ɗan gwagwarmayar siyasa mai sane da aji a Harlem, New York
  • Stuart Hall - masanin falsafar Jamaica
  • CLR James - Trinidad da Tobago, mai fafutuka kuma marubuci
  • W. Arthur Lewis - Saint Lucia, masanin tattalin arziki kuma mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Nobel
  • Pedro Alonso Niño - mai binciken Afro-Spanish
  • Arlie Petters - Masanin lissafin Belize
  • Walter Rodney - dan gwagwarmaya kuma marubuci dan kasar Guyana
  • Mary Seacole - ma'aikaciyar jinya ta Jamaica kuma darektan asibiti

Arts da al'adu

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  • Carlos Acosta - Cuba, dan wasan ballet
  • Beenie Man - Jamaica, mai fasaha da mawaƙa
  • Frank Bowling - Guyana, mai zane
  • Esther Rolle - yar wasan kwaikwayo na zuriyar Bahamian
  • Aimé Césaire - Martinique, marubucin almara
  • Celia Cruz - Cuba, singer
  • Stacey Dash – Zuriyar Barbadiya, yar wasan kwaikwayo
  • Bert Williams – Bahamian mai nishadantarwa, kuma mai yiwuwa shine mai wasan kwaikwayo na Afro-Caribbean na farko mai nasara a Amurka
  • AngelaMaria Davila - mawaƙin Puerto Rican
  • Eddy Grant - Guyana, mawaƙa kuma mawaƙa
  • Edward W. Hardy – Puerto Rican, mawaki kuma mawaki
  • CLR James - Trinidad, masanin tarihi, marubuci kuma ɗan jarida
  • Wyclef Jean - Haitian mawaki, mawaki kuma mai fafutuka
  • Earl Lovelace - Trinidad, marubuci kuma marubuci
  • Luis Palés Matos - mawaƙin Puerto Rican
  • Bob Marley - Jamaica, mawaƙa kuma mawaki
  • Ziggy Marley (Ɗan Bob Marley) - Jamaica, mawaƙa kuma mawaki
  • Myke Towers - Puerto Rican, rapper
  • The Mighty Sparrow – Grenadian/Trinidadiya mawaƙa kuma mawaki
  • Trinidad James - Trinidad, mawaki
  • Zoe Saldana - 'yar wasan Amurka ta Dominican da zuriyar Puerto Rican
  • Nicki Minaj - Trinidad, mawaki kuma mawaƙa
  • Sean Paul - Jamaica, ɗan wasan rawa
  • Shyne - Belize rapper
  • Sidney Poitier - Bahamas, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na farko na ɗan Afirka Ba'amurke ko Afro-Caribbean don lashe lambar yabo ta Academy a Amurka
  • Rihanna - Barbados, singer
  • Chevalier de Saint-Georges – Guadeloupe, mawaki
  • Cardi B - Jamhuriyar Dominican, rapper
  • Naomi Campbell - Supermodel na Jamaican-Ingilishi.
  • Lewis Hamilton - Grenadian, direban Formula 1 .
  • FKA Twigs - Jamaican, madadin mawaƙa.
  • Antony Santos - Jamhuriyar Dominican, mawaƙin bachata
  • Peter Tosh - Jamaica, mawaƙa kuma mawaki
  • Bebo Valdés – Mawaƙin Cuban
  • Johnny Ventura - Jamhuriyar Dominican salsa da mawaƙin merengue
  • Corinne Bailey Rae - mawaƙa na zuriyar Kittian
  • Derek Walcott – Saint Lucia, mawaƙiya, wanda ya karɓi kyautar Nobel don adabi
  • Pop Smoke - Mawaƙin Ba'amurke ɗan asalin Jamaica da ɗan Panama

Wasanni

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  • Kirani James – Grenada, Gwarzon Zinare na farko na Grenada kuma mai gudun mita 400 mafi sauri a duniya daga 2012 zuwa 2016
  • Omar Amir-Bahamas – gwanin kokawa a filin kokawa na kwarin Ohio
  • Deandre Ayton - Bahamas, # 1 Gabaɗaya Zaɓaɓɓen Zabin NBA na 2018 da ɗan wasa na Phoenix Suns
  • Ozzie Albies – Curaçao, ɗan wasan MLB na Atlanta Braves
  • John Barnes – ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila haifaffen Jamaica
  • Usain Bolt – dan kasar Jamaica, wanda ya lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics kuma mutum mafi sauri a tarihi
  • Robinson Canó – Dan wasan Jamhuriyar Dominican MLB
  • Kingsley Coman - Guadeloupe, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa
  • Carmelo Anthony – Puerto Rican-Ba-Amurke, ɗan wasan kwando
  • Tonique Williams-Darling – Bahamas, mai tseren mita 400 kuma ya samu lambar zinare ta Olympic
  • Tim Duncan – St. Croix (Anguilla parentage), ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando
  • Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce - Jamaica, 'yar wasa
  • Thierry Henry – Guadeloupe, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, mafi kyawun ɗan wasan Faransa
  • Buddy Hield - Bahamas, dan wasan NBA na Sarakunan Sacramento
  • Kenley Jansen – Curacao, ɗan wasan MLB na Los Angeles Dodgers
  • Brian Lara - Trinidad, cricketer
  • Anthony Martial - Guadeloupe, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Faransa
  • Shaunae Miller - Bahamian, mai tseren mita 400 da 200 kuma ya lashe lambar zinare ta Olympics.
  • David Ortiz – Dan wasan Jamhuriyar Dominican MLB
  • Burgess Owens – haifaffen Barbadia, tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa na Amurka
  • Sir Vivian Richards - Antigua, cricketer
  • Teddy Riner - Guadeloupe, Judoka
  • Kuskure Spence Jr. - Ba'amurke ɗan Jamaica, ɗan dambe, Champion Unified Welterweight na yanzu
  • Mike McCallum – Jamaica, Dan dambe, Zakaran Duniya a azuzuwan nauyi 3 daban-daban
  • Julian Jackson (dan dambe) – Saint Thomas, dan dambe, zakaran duniya sau 3 a azuzuwan nauyi 2
  • Darren Sammy - Saint Lucia, cricketer
  • Kimbo Slice – Dan damben Bahamiyya da MMA
  • Sir Garfield Sobers - Barbados, cricketer
  • Sammy Sosa – Dan wasan Jamhuriyar Dominican MLB
  • Karl-Anthony Towns - Dan wasan NBA wanda ya fito daga Jamhuriyar Dominican Republic, #1 gabaɗayan zaɓi a cikin daftarin NBA na 2015, ɗan wasan NBA na Minnesota Timberwolves
  • Marcellus Wiley - Martinican Ba'amurke, tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka kuma mai sharhi / mai watsa shiri na FOX Sports
  • Adam Sanford – Dominican cricketer
  • Jayde Riviere – Dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Dominican
  • Jay Emmanuel-Thomas - dan wasan kwallon kafa na Dominican
  • Konrad de la Fuente - dan wasan kwallon kafa na Dominican-Amurka
  • Vurnon Anita - Curacao ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa
  • Joe Willock - dan wasan kwallon kafa na Jamaica
  • Fabrice Noel - ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Haiti
  • Jaron Vicario - dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Curacaoan
  • Sanchez Watt - dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Jamaica

Manyan kungiyoyi

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  • Afro-Antiguan dan Barbudan
  • Afro-Bahamian
  • Afro-Barbadiya
  • Afro-Bermudian
  • Afro-Curaçaoans
  • Afro-Colombiya
  • Afro-Costa Rican
  • Afro-Cuba
  • Afro-Dominikan (Dominica)
  • Afro-Dominikan (Jamhuriyar Dominika)
  • Afro-Grenadian
  • Afro-Guatemalan
  • Afro-Guyanese
  • Afro-Haiti
  • Afro-Honduras
  • Afro-Jama'a
  • Afro-Kittian da Nevisian
  • Afro-Mexica
  • Afro-Nicaragua
  • Afro-Panamani
  • Afro-Puerto Ricans
  • Afro-Saint Lucian
  • Afro-Salvadoran
  • Afro-Surinam
  • Afro-Trinidadiya da Tobagonians
  • Afro-Venezuela
  • Afro-Vincentian
  • Mutane da sunan Creole
  • Sauran ƴan ƙasashen waje na Afirka a ciki ko na Caribbean

Nassoshi

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  1. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  2. ↑ Some Historical Account of Guinea: With an Inquiry into the Rise and Progress of the Slave Trade, p. 48, at Google Books
  3. ↑ Stephen D. Behrendt, David Richardson, and David Eltis, W. E. B. Du Bois Institute for African and African-American Research, Harvard University.
  4. ↑ Martin, Tony.
  5. ↑ Nigel C. Gibson, Fanon: The Postcolonial Imagination (2003: Oxford, Polity Press)
  6. ↑ Chen, Kuan-Hsing.

Hanyoyin haɗi na waje

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