Yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa don Ka'idar Whaling
| Iri | yarjejeniya |
|---|---|
| Kwanan watan | 1946 |
Ratification (en)  |
Antigua da Barbuda (21 ga Yuli, 1982) Argentina (18 Mayu 1960) Asturaliya (1 Disamba 1947) Austriya (20 Mayu 1994) Beljik (14 ga Yuli, 2004) Belize (17 ga Yuni, 2003) Benin (26 ga Afirilu, 2002) Belize |
| Signatory (en) | |
Yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa don ka'idojin Whaling yarjejeniya ce ta muhalli ta kasa da kasa da ke da nufin "kyakkyawan kiyaye hannun jarin whale don haka ya ba da damar ci gaba cikin tsari na masana'antar kifin". [1] Yana tafiyar da harkokin kasuwanci, kimiyya, da kuma ayyukan kifayen abinci na asali na ƙasashe 88. [1]
Yarjejeniyar ita ce ta gaji Yarjejeniyar Geneva ta 1931 don Ka'idojin Whaling da Yarjejeniyar 1937 ta Kasa da Kasa don Ka'idar Whaling, wanda aka kafa don mayar da martani ga wuce gona da iri na whale a lokacin yakin duniya na daya.[2][3] Duk kayan aikin ba su da tasiri, amma kowannensu ya ba da tsarin Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa don Ka'idojin Whaling, wanda Amurka ta jagoranta kuma kasashe 15 suka sanya hannu a Washington, DC, a ranar 3 Disamba 1946; [2] taron ya fara aiki a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 1948. An rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta faɗaɗa ikon aiwatar da yarjejeniyar a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 1956.
Manufar Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa don Ka'idojin Whaling ita ce kare dukkan nau'in whale daga farauta ; kafa tsarin ka'idojin kasa da kasa game da kifin whale don tabbatar da kiyaye da kyau da kuma bunkasa hannun jarin whale; da kiyaye muhimman albarkatun kasa ga al'ummomi masu zuwa da hannun jarin whale ke wakilta. Babban kayan aikin da ake aiwatar da waɗannan manufofin shine Hukumar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya, wadda yarjejeniyar ta kafa a matsayin babbar ƙungiyar yanke shawara. IWC tana saduwa kowace shekara kuma tana ɗaukar “jadawali” mai ɗaurewa wanda ke daidaita iyakokin kama, hanyoyin whaling, wuraren kariya, da haƙƙin gudanar da binciken kimiyya da ya shafi kashe kifin kifi.
Membobi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tun daga Janairu 2021, akwai ƙungiyoyi 88 a taron. Masu sa hannun farko sune Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Faransa, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Afirka ta Kudu, Tarayyar Soviet, Burtaniya da Amurka.
Ko da yake Norway tana cikin ɓangaren taron, tana da ƙin yarda da dakatarwar IWC ta 1986 kuma ba ta shafi shi ba.[4]
Janyewa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Jihohi takwas ne suka janye daga yarjejeniyar tun lokacin da aka amince da shi: Kanada, Masar, Girka, Jamaica, Mauritius, Philippines, Seychelles da Venezuela .[5]
Belize, Brazil, Dominica, Ecuador, Iceland, Japan, New Zealand, da Panama duk sun janye daga taron na ɗan lokaci amma sun amince da shi a karo na biyu; Netherlands, Norway, da Sweden kowannensu sun janye daga taron sau biyu, amma sun yarda da shi a karo na uku. [5]
Japan ita ce memba na baya-bayan nan da zai tashi, a cikin Janairu 2019, don ci gaba da kifin kifin kasuwanci.
Tasiri[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An samu sabani akai-akai kan iyakar taron. Yarjejeniyar 1946 ba ta ayyana 'whale' ba. Wasu mambobi na IWC suna da'awar cewa tana da ikon doka don tsara kama manyan whales kawai (baleen whale da sperm whale). Wasu sun yi imanin cewa duk cetaceans, gami da ƙananan dolphins da porpoises, sun faɗi cikin ikon IWC.[6][7]
Wani bincike da Majalisar Carnegie ta gudanar ya tabbatar da cewa yayin da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa ta Dokokin Whaling ta samu "nasara mai cike da ma'ana" saboda rarrabuwar kawuna na cikin gida, amma duk da haka "ya yi nasarar gudanar da juyin juya halin tarihi daga farautar kifin kifaye zuwa farautar da aka takaita sosai. Ya dakatar da duka in ban da ƙasashen da ke da himma sosai wajen farautar whale. Wannan nasarar ta kara wa rayuwarta wahala, tun da ta bar mafi tsananin matsalar a karshe.”[8]
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling" (PDF). iwcoffice.org. Washington. 2 December 1946. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling". United Nations. Retrieved 2021-01-05.
- ↑ Hourihane, J. O. B. (1937-07-01). "International Agreement for the Regulation of Whaling". Nature (in Turanci). 140 (3535): 180–181. Bibcode:1937Natur.140..180J. doi:10.1038/140180a0. ISSN 1476-4687.
- ↑ "International Whaling Commission". Archived from the original on 13 January 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling" (PDF). state.gov. Government of the United States. 2 December 1946. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
- ↑ International Whaling Commission. "Cetacea". iwcoffice.org. Archived from the original on 27 July 2012.
- ↑ "Cetacea". iwc.int.
- ↑ "Almost Saving Whales: The Ambiguity of Success at the International Whaling Commission [Full Text]". Ethics & International Affairs (in Turanci). 2012-03-29. Archived from the original on 2017-12-27. Retrieved 2021-01-05.