Bahar Rum
Tekun Bahar Rum teku ne da ke da alaƙa da Tekun Atlantika, Basin Bahar Rum ya kewaye shi kuma kusan an rufe shi da ƙasa: a arewa ta yamma da Kudancin Turai da Anatoliya, a kudu ta arewacin Afirka, a gabas kuma ta Levant. Tekun ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin wayewar Yammacin Turai. Shaidar Geological ta nuna cewa kusan shekaru miliyan 5.9 da suka gabata, an yanke Tekun Bahar Rum daga Tekun Atlantika kuma an yanke shi a wani bangare ko gaba daya a cikin shekaru kusan 600,000 a lokacin rikicin salinity na Messin kafin ambaliyar Zanclean ta cika kusan shekaru 5.3 miliyan da suka wuce.
Tekun Bahar Rum ya ƙunshi yanki kusan 2,500,000 square kilometres (970,000 sq mi) ,[1] yana wakiltar kashi 0.7% na saman tekun duniya, amma haɗinsa zuwa Tekun Atlantika ta mashigin Gibraltar-mashigin da ke haɗa Tekun Atlantika zuwa Tekun Bahar Rum kuma ya raba yankin Iberian Peninsula a Turai da Maroko a Afirka. kawai 14 kilometres (9 mi) fadi. Tekun Bahar Rum ya ƙunshi tsibirai da yawa, wasu daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga dutsen mai aman wuta. Manyan tsibirai biyu masu nisa sune Sicily da Sardinia.
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Tekun Bahar Rum yana da matsakaicin zurfin zurfin 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) kuma mafi zurfin da aka rubuta shine 5,109 metres (16,762 ft) ± 1 metre (3 ft) a cikin Calypso Deep a cikin Tekun Ionian. Ya ta'allaka ne tsakanin latitudes 30° da 46° N da longitudes 6° W da 36° E. Tsawonsa daga yamma–gabas, daga mashigin Gibraltar zuwa mashigin tekun Alexandretta, a kudu maso gabashin gabar tekun Turkiyya, yana da kusan kilomita 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) . Tsawon arewa-kudu ya bambanta sosai tsakanin mabambantan gaɓar teku da ko madaidaicin hanyoyi ne kawai ake la'akari. Har ila yau, ciki har da sauye-sauye na tsayin daka, mafi guntuwar hanyar jigilar kayayyaki tsakanin Tekun Trieste na kasa da kasa da gabar da tekun Libya na Gulf of Sidra kusan kilomita 1,900 kilometres (1,200 mi) . Yanayin ruwa yana da sauƙi a cikin hunturu kuma yana dumi a lokacin rani kuma suna ba da suna ga nau'in yanayi na Mediterranean saboda yawancin hazo yana fadowa a cikin watanni masu sanyi. Gabashin ta na kudanci da gabas suna cike da hamada masu zafi da ba su da nisa a cikin kasa, amma gabar tekun nan da nan a dukkan bangarorin Tekun Bahar Rum na da nasaba da daidaita yanayin teku.
Tekun dai wata hanya ce mai muhimmanci ga 'yan kasuwa da matafiya na zamanin da, wanda ke saukaka kasuwanci da musayar al'adu tsakanin al'ummomin yankin. Tarihin yankin Bahar Rum yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar asali da ci gaban yawancin al'ummomin zamani. Daular Roma ta kasance tana da ikon mallakar ruwa a cikin teku tsawon ƙarni.
Ƙasashen da ke kewaye da Tekun Bahar Rum bisa agogon hannu su ne Spain, Faransa, Monaco, Italiya, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, da kuma Maroko; Malta da Cyprus kasashe tsibiri ne a cikin teku. Bugu da ƙari, yankin Arewacin Cyprus da ake jayayya, da wasu abubuwan ban mamaki, musamman Gibraltar da Ceuta, suna da bakin teku a kan teku. Iskandariya ita ce mafi girma mazaunin bakin teku. Ruwan magudanan ruwa ya ƙunshi wasu ƙasashe masu yawa, kogin Nilu shine kogin mafi tsayi da ke ƙarewa a Tekun Bahar Rum.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wayewar da
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Manyan tsoffin civilization sun kasance a kusa da Bahar Rum. Tekun ya ba da hanyoyin kasuwanci, mulkin mallaka, da yaƙi, da kuma abinci (daga kamun kifi da tattara sauran abincin teku) ga al'ummomi da yawa a tsawon shekaru.[2]
Mafi shaharar wayewar Bahar Rum a zamanin da na gargajiya sune jihohin birnin Girka, Farisa da Phoenicians, waɗanda dukkansu suka mamaye gabar tekun Bahar Rum.
Darius I na Farisa, wanda ya ci Masar ta dā, ya gina magudanar ruwa da ke haɗa Tekun Bahar Rum da Bahar Maliya. Magudanar Dariyus tana da faɗin isa ga triremes biyu su wuce juna tare da tsawaita tsawaitawa, kuma yana buƙatar kwanaki huɗu don wucewa. [3]
Daga baya, lokacin da Augustus ya kafa daular Roma, Romawa suna kiran Bahar Rum a matsayin Mare Nostrum ("Tekunmu"). A cikin shekaru 400 masu zuwa, Daular Roma ta mallaki Tekun Bahar Rum gaba ɗaya da kusan dukkan yankunan bakin teku daga Gibraltar zuwa Levant.[4]
A cikin shekarar 2019, ƙungiyar ƙwararrun kayan tarihi daga Cibiyar Binciken Ruwa ta Jami'ar Akdeniz (UA) ta bayyana wani hatsarin jirgin ruwa tun shekaru 3,600 a tekun Bahar Rum a Turkiyya. Tan 1.5 na tagulla da aka samu a cikin jirgin an yi amfani da su wajen kimanta shekarunsa.
Hotuna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]-
Tashar jirgin Ruwa ta Ancona daga Tekun -
Tekun daga Tarifa (Spain)
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Boxer, Baruch. "Mediterranean Sea". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 23 October 2015.Empty citation (help): CS1 maint: url-status (link)
- ↑ David Abulafia (2011). The Great Sea: A Human History of the Mediterranean. Oxford University Press.
- ↑ Rappoport, S. (Doctor of Philosophy, Basel).
- ↑ Rappoport, S. (Doctor of Philosophy, Basel). History of Egypt (undated, early 20th century), Volume 12, Part B, Chapter V: "The Waterways of Egypt", pp. 248–257 (online). London: The Grolier Society.