Mulkin Soja

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Mulkin Soja
form of government (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na military government (en) Fassara, junta (en) Fassara da command (en) Fassara

mulkin soja gwamnati ce ƙarƙashin jagorancin shugabannin sojoji.[1] Yanzu ana amfani da kalmar don yin nuni ga tsarin mulkin kama-karya dake kama da mulkin kama-karya na soja na oligarchic, kamar yadda aka bambanta da sauran nau'ikan mulkin kama-karya, musamman mai ƙarfi (mulkin mulkin kama-karya na soja); na'ura ( jam'iyyar kama-karya ta oligarchic ); da mulkin kama-karya ( mulkin kama-karya na jam’iyya). [2]

Junta ya kan hau karagar mulki sakamakon juyin mulki . [1] Gwamnatin mulkin soja na iya ko dai ta dauki madafun iko a matsayin hukumar mulkin kasa, tare da ikon yin mulki ta hanyar doka, ko kuma tana iya yin amfani da iko ta hanyar amfani da iko (amma na yau da kullun) akan gwamnatin farar hula. [3] Wadannan nau'o'i biyu na mulkin mulkin soja wani lokaci ana kiran su budaddiyar mulki da mulkin kamawa . [4] Ƙa'idar ɓarna na iya ɗaukar nau'in ko dai na wayewa ko mulkin kai tsaye . [4] Wayewa yana faruwa ne lokacin da mulkin soja ya ƙare a fili a fili na soja, amma ya ci gaba da mamaye shi. [4] Misali, mulkin soja na iya kawo karshen dokar soji, barin kakin soja don neman farar hula, "mallaka" gwamnati tare da tsoffin jami'an soja, da yin amfani da jam'iyyun siyasa ko ƙungiyoyin jama'a. [5] "Dokar kai tsaye" ta ƙunshi ƙoƙarin da gwamnatin mulkin soja ke yi na ɓoyayye, a bayan fage a kan ɗan tsana farar hula . [4] Tsarin mulki na kai tsaye na sojoji na iya haɗawa da ko dai babban iko a kan gwamnati ko kuma kula da wasu yankuna masu kunkuntar, kamar batutuwan soja ko tsaro na ƙasa . [4]

A cikin karni na 20, ana yawan ganin sojojin soja a Latin Amurka, yawanci a cikin nau'i na "cikakkun hukumomi, manyan kamfanoni / ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru" wanda manyan hafsoshin soja na sassan soja daban-daban (sojoji, sojan ruwa, da sojojin sama ) ke jagoranta, kuma a wasu lokuta shugaban 'yan sanda na kasa ko wasu manyan jami'o'i. [3] Masanin kimiyyar siyasa Samuel Finer, a rubuce a cikin 1988, ya lura cewa juntas a Latin Amurka sun kasance sun fi ƙanƙanta fiye da juntas a wasu wurare; mulkin soja na tsakiya yana da mambobi 11, yayin da juntas na Latin Amurka ke da uku ko hudu. [3] An bambanta juyin mulkin soja na "kamfanoni" da juyin mulkin soja na "bangi". Na farko dai sojoji ne ke aiwatar da su a matsayin cibiya, karkashin jagorancin manyan kwamandojin da ke kan manyan mukamai na soja, na biyu kuma suna gudanar da wani bangare na rundunar ne kuma galibin manyan hafsoshi ne ke jagorantar su. [3] [6]

Wani bincike na shekara ta 2014 da aka buga a mujallar Nazarin Kimiyyar Siyasa ta Shekara-shekara ya gano cewa gwamnatocin soja sun nuna hali daban da na farar hula na kama-karya da na sojan mulkin kama karya. Gungun manyan hafsoshi ne ke mulkin mulkin soja, yayin da wani mai mulkin kama-karya daya ke mulkin soja. Binciken ya gano cewa (1) "masu karfi da gwamnatocin sojoji sun fi fuskantar take hakkin bil'adama da kuma shiga cikin yakin basasa fiye da mulkin kama-karya na farar hula"; (2) "Jaruman soja sun fara yaƙe-yaƙe na duniya fiye da gwamnatocin soja ko masu mulkin kama-karya, watakila saboda suna da ƙarin dalilin tsoron gudun hijira, kurkuku, ko kisan gilla" da (3) gwamnatocin soja da mulkin kama-karya na farar hula sun fi kusan ƙarewa a cikin tsarin mulkin demokraɗiyya, ya bambanta da mulkin sojan soja, wanda sau da yawa ya ƙare ta hanyar tawaye, tashin hankalin jama'a, ko kuma a cikin tawaye.

Misalai[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ƙarfi yana nuna mulkin soja na yanzu.

Afirka[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. Burkina Faso – Ƙungiyar Kishin ƙasa don Karewa da Maidowa (2022-yanzu)
  2. Cadi - Majalisar Sojoji ta Rikon kwarya (2021-2022), Gudanar da Mulki (2022-yanzu)
  3.  Egypt - Majalisar Koli na Sojoji (2011-2012)
  4. Habasha - Dergi (1974-1987)
  5. Gine - Kwamitin sulhu da ci gaba na kasa (2021-yanzu)
  6. Laberiya - Majalisar Fansa ta Jama'a (1980-1984)
  7. Libya - Majalisar kwamandan juyin juya halin Libiya (1969-1977)
  8. Mali - Kwamitin Ceto na Jama'a na kasa (2020-2021), Gudanar da Mulki (2021-yanzu)
  9. Nijar – Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa (2023-zuwa yau)
  10.  Nigeria – mulkin soja (1966 – 1979 da 1983 – 1998)
  11. Sudan - Majalisar Sojoji ta Rikon kwarya (2019), Majalisar Mulkin Rikon kwarya (2021-yanzu)

Amurkawa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. Argentina – Juyin juya halin (1966–1973), Tsarin Sake Tsari na Ƙasa (1976–1983)
  2. Bolibiya – ojojin Bolivia na 1970-1982 (1970–1971 and 1980–1982)
  3.  Brazil – Mulkin Sojojin Brazil na 1930 da Sojojin Brazil na 1969
  4.  Chile – Mulkin Soja na Chile (1973–1990)
  5. Kolombiya – Sojojin Colombian (1957-1958)
  6. Salvador - Jagoran Jama'a (1931), Gwamnatin mulkin soja na ƙasar El Salvador) (1960–1961), (1961–1962), Gwamnatin mulkin soja ta El Salvador (1979–1982)
  7. Guatemala (ƙasa) – Juyin mulkin Guatemala na 1954
  8.  Haiti – Juyin mulkin Haiti na 1991 da kuma na 1994 (1991–1994)
  9. Nicaragua – Juyin mulkin soja na Nicaragua (1979–1985)
  10. Peru – Juyin mulkin Peruvian (1962-1963) da na 1968-1980 (1968–1980)
  11. Uruguay – Juyin mulkin soja da kama-karya na Uruguay (1973-1985)
  12.  Venezuela - Mulkin soja a Venezuela (1948-1958)

Asiya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. Bangladash – Shugabannin soji Ziaur Rahman (1975–1981) da Hussaini Muhammad Ershad (1982–1990)
  2. Georgia – Majalisar Soja – Eduard Shevardnadze Ya mulki kasar daga ranar 6 ga Janairu zuwa 10 ga Maris 1992. Majalisar Jiha ta maye gurbinsa.
  3. Indonesiya – Military government of Suharto, also called “New Order” that lasted for 32 years (1966–1998).
  4. Myanmar – State Peace and Development Council (1988–2011), known as the State Law and Order Restoration Council from 1988 to 1997 and State Administration Council (2021–present)
  5. Pakistan – Gwamnatin soja ta Ayub Khan (1958–1969) - Yahya Khan (1969–1971), Muhammad Zia'ul-Haq (1977–1988), Pervez Musharraf (1999–2008)
  6. Koriya ta Kudu – Majalisar koli ta sake gina kasa (1961–1963)
  7. Taiwan – Tanadi na ɗan lokaci akan Tawayen Kwaminisanci (1948–1991) na Kuomintang bayan juyin juya halin gurguzu na kasar Sin na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta kasar Sin
  8. Thailand – Majalisar kiyaye zaman lafiya ta kasa (1991-1992) Majalisar Tsaron Ƙasa (2006-2008) da Majalisar zaman lafiya da oda ta kasa (2014–2019)
  9. Turkiyya – Kwamitin hadin kan kasa (1960–1961) da Majalisar Tsaro ta Kasa (Turkiyya, 1980) (1980–1983)

Turai[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. Bulgaria - Juyin mulkin Bulgaria na 1934 (1934–1935)
  2. Greek – mulkin Girka na "Kwamitin Juyin Juya Hali" (1967–1974)
  3. Poland – Majalisar Soja ta Ceto ta Kasa (1981–1983)
  4. Portugal – Mulkin Soja na Ceton Kasa (1974–1975)

Oceania[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. Fiji – Gwamnatin Mulkin Soja na Frank Bainimarama (2006–2014)

Nassoshi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Junta, Encyclopædia Britannica (last updated 1998).
  2. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Paul Brooker, Non-Democratic Regimes (Palgrave Macmillan: 2d ed. 2009), pp. 148-150.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Paul Brooker, Comparative Politics (ed. Daniele Caramani: Oxford University Press, 2014), pp. 101-102.
  5. ↑ Brooker, Non-Democratic Regimes (2d ed.), p. 153.
  6. ↑ David Kuehn, "Democratic Control of the Military" in Handbook of the Sociology of the Military (eds. Giuseppe Caforio & Marina Nuciari: Springer, 2nd ed.), p. 164.
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