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Noma a Najeriya

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.

Samfuri:Data box

Ci gaban aikin gona na Najeriya a cikin 2015 US $ tun 1961
Kasuwar Oshodi a Legas

Aiki noma babban bangare ne na Tattalin arzikin Najeriya, [1] wanda ya kai kashi 35% na jimlar aikin yi a shekarar 2020. [2] A cewar FAO, [1] aikin gona ya kasance tushen tattalin arzikin Najeriya, [1] samar da abinci ga yawancin 'yan Najeriya da samar da miliyoyin ayyuka. [3][4][5][6] Tare da mai, Najeriya ta dogara da kayan aikin gona da take fitarwa don samar da mafi yawan kudaden shiga na kasa.[6] Sashin noma a Najeriya ya ƙunshi sassa huɗu: samar da amfanin gona, dabbobi, gandun daji, da kamun kifi.

Najeriya tana da jimlar yankin noma na hekta miliyan 70.8, [3] daga cikinsu hekta miliyan 34 ƙasa ce mai noma, [7] ana amfani da hekta miliyan 6.5 don amfanin gona na dindindin, kuma hekta miliyan 30.3 makiyaya ne da makiyaya. [8]

Masara, rogo, masarar guinea, gyada da dawa sune manyan amfanin gona da ake nomawa a Najeriya, inda kashi 70% na gidaje suke noman noman . A kudu, kashi 7.3% na gidaje suna kamun kifi, yayin da kashi 69.3% na gidaje ke da ko kiwo a arewa maso yammacin Najeriya . [9]

A cikin kwata na uku na 2019, kafin annobar COVID-19, bangaren ya karu da kashi 14.88% shekara-shekara. Samar da amfanin gona ya kasance mafi girman bangare na bangaren. A cikin kwata na uku na 2019, bangaren noma ya ba da gudummawa 29.25% ga GDP na ainihi. Tsakanin Janairu da Maris 2021, noma ya ba da gudummawa 22.35% na jimlar kayan cikin gida.[3][10][11][12][13]

Sashin yana fuskantar canji ta hanyar kasuwanci a ƙananan, matsakaici, da manyan matakan kasuwanci. Koyaya, akwai dalilai da yawa a cikin bangaren noma na Najeriya waɗanda zasu iya hana ci gabanta, gami da tsarin mallakar ƙasa wanda ke iyakance samun dama ga ƙasa, mataki ci gaban ban ruwa na ƙasar, iyakance karɓar binciken bincike da fasaha, farashin kayan aikin gona, adadin samun damar bashi da gudanar da cibiyoyin ƙwarewa suka ba da izini don ci gaban bangaren noma, hanyoyin sayen taki da rarrabawa, tasirin kayan adanawa, da adadin samun dama ga kasuwanni.

Kwanan nan, canje-canje a cikin matsakaicin yanayi zafi, Ruwan sama, matsanancin yanayi, da karuwar cututtukan cututtuka da suka danganci Canjin yanayi sun haifar da ƙalubale ga amincin tsarin aikin gona na ƙasar.[14] Wannan ya haɗu da dogaro da aikin gona mai ruwan sama, wanda ya sa bangaren ya kasance mai saukin kamuwa da yanayin yanayi.[15]

Wadannan duk suna ba da gudummawa ga amfanin gona da asarar bayan girbi da sharar gida a Najeriya.[3] Rashin karatu da rubutu yana daya daga cikin dalilai da yawa da ke hana ci gaba da ci gaban noma a Najeriya. Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa yawancin manoma a Najeriya ba su sami ilimi na yau da kullun ba.[16]

Ƙarfin hali

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A lokacin samun 'yancin Najeriya (1960), fitar da abinci ya kai sama da kashi 70% na Gross National Product (GNP) na kasar.[17] Koyaya, a cikin shekaru 25 masu zuwa, halin da ake ciki ya juya, tare da kayan abinci da ke da asusun sama da 50% na shigo da su. Duk da samun ƙasa mai kyau, samar da abinci a Najeriya ya ragu, kuma samar da abinci ga kowane mutum ya ragu, wanda ya haifar da karuwar fiye da sau bakwai a shigo da hatsi.

A cikin shekarun 1970s, gwamnatin Najeriya ta inganta amfani da taki don magance batun.[18] A shekara ta 1990, daga cikin jimlar yankin Najeriya na kimanin hekta miliyan 91, an gano hekta miliyan 82 sun dace da noma, amma kashi 42% ne kawai na yankin noma. An yi amfani da "tsarin shuke-shuke", wanda ya haɗa da ƙasar da aka bar ba ta aiki na wani lokaci don ba da damar sake farfadowa na halitta na haihuwa. Bugu da ƙari, an rarraba hekta miliyan 18 a matsayin makiyaya na dindindin, amma suna da damar tallafawa amfanin gona, kuma mafi yawan hekta miliyan 20 da gandun daji da gandun dajin suka rufe an yi imanin suna da damar noma.[19]

Gidajen noma ƙananan ne kuma sun warwatse, kuma ana yin noma tare da kayan aiki masu sauƙi. Aikin noma mai girma ba abu ne na kowa ba. Aikin noma ya ba da gudummawa kashi 32% ga GDP a shekara ta 2001.

Dokar Muhimmancin Aikin Gona ta Najeriya ta karu da kashi 30% zuwa biliyan N920 a cikin Q1 2024, yana jaddada karuwar dogaro da ƙasar kan kayayyakin noma da aka shigo da su kamar alkama da abinci masu mahimmanci don biyan bukatun mabukaci, wanda aikin gona na cikin gida ke gwagwarmaya don gamsarwa. Hawan farashin abinci da aka shigo da shi a Najeriya ya karu zuwa sama da 36.38% a watan Yunin 2024 bisa ga rahotanni.[20]

Wannan dogaro da shigo da kayayyaki yana gabatar da ƙalubale ga bangaren noma na Najeriya, wanda zai iya rage samar da gida saboda kayan shigo da kayayyakin da suka fi rahusa. Wannan yanayin kasuwar gasa yana haifar da haɗari ga dorewa da ci gaba na dogon lokaci na bangaren.[21][22]

Aikin noma na dabbobi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kiwon dabbobi, yana hulɗa da noma, gudanarwa, da samar da dabbobi na gida, ya haɗa da inganta halayen da mutane ke ɗauka da kyau ta hanyar kiwo.

Page 'Animal agriculture in Nigeria' not found

Dabbobi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Najeriya muhimmiyar cibiya ce ta samar da amfani da abubuwa a Yammacin Afirka. Hakanan yana daya daga cikin manyan dabbobi na gida da ke kawo kasashe a cikin gundumar. Ganawa da ci gaba da fadada sha'awar gida da kuma shigar da waɗannan bangarorin kasuwanci masu tasowa sune manyan kudade ga Najeriya da kuma ƙasashen Sahel da ke kusa da su waɗanda ke kiwon dabbobi na gida. Ta hanyar yawan jama'arta da iyakarta dangane da halittar halitta, tare da kashi 25% na dabbobi masu gida a cikin yankin, Najeriya ta kasance ta hanyar dogon lokaci babban mai yin dabbobi a Focal da Yammacin Afirka.[23]

Ana kimanta rukunin shanu na kasar a arewacin miliyan 16, hanyoyi masu tsawo a gaban Nijar (miliyan 8.7), Mali (miliyan 8) da Chadi (miliyan 7). Kashi na al'ummomin Sahel yana da girma, duk da haka, yana magana da fiye da rabin kungiyoyin dawakai. shanu da ke tasowa a Najeriya sun inganta sosai ta hanyar ayyukan dabbobi na gida na gajeren lokaci, an kimanta su a kan tumaki miliyan 33.8 da tsuntsaye miliyan 175.[24]

Sashin dabbobi da aikin gona a cikin 'yan kwanakin nan suna fuskantar barazanar rushewa saboda hauhawar rashin tsaro a arewacin kasar. [25]

Dabbobi na gida na Najeriya Ayyuka Fuskar Babban Matsalolin Ingantawa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kiwon dabbobi na gida wani muhimmin yanki ne na motsi a Najeriya, duk da haka yana iya zama ga wasu muhimman abubuwa. Yankin filin da za a iya isa yana raguwa sosai yayin da al'ummomin birane da noma ke girma. Samun damar samar da bayanai game da albarkatun dabbobi ya bayyana ba shi da taimako na musamman don rashin lafiyar dabbobi. Ana kawo Steers a cikin gundumar Sudan-Sahel na jihohin arewa, inda ayyukan noma da zaman lafiya ga mafi yawan sun haɗa da sake komawa lokaci-lokaci da kuma layi don amfani da makiyaya na Sahel a lokacin guguwa. Da ke ƙasa akwai wasu cikas don ingantawa: [24]

  • Rising Meat Amfani da Canjin Abinci.

Ana sa ran hawan da ya shahara ga abubuwa masu halitta ba kawai ga babban saurin birni ba (60% na 'yan Najeriya mazauna birni ne), duk da haka mafi mahimmanci ga manyan ikon sayen abokan ciniki da ci gaban wani ma'aikata. Bayan haka, wannan maciji na musayar yana wakiltar kusan kashi 60% na musayar duniya a yankin. A lokaci guda, yawan masu siye da yawa suna buƙatar nama mafi kyau daga wuraren yanka. Wasu kungiyoyin nama na zamani a halin yanzu suna rarraba kasuwa, suna sayar da nama mai daskarewa a sassa daban-daban. Gidajen cin abinci na motsa jiki da suka dace da wannan sabon nau'in mai sayarwa suna girma da sauri. Ana kallon wasu misalai na daidaitawar sarkar mahimmanci yayin da yankin ke ci gaba, tare da ƙungiyoyi biyu da ke kula da nama a cikin wuraren yankan su da kungiyoyin masu aikinsu suka bayar. Ko da yake wannan ɓangaren na ƙarshe yana tasowa, a zahiri yana wakiltar ƙasa da 10% na kasuwar kayan nama gaba ɗaya. Duk da wadannan abubuwa masu tasowa, mutane da yawa a zahiri ba sa kusanci hamburger na Sahel, wanda ake la'akari da tsada sosai ta hanyar raguwa na jama'a. Ta wannan hanyar, bisa ga yawan jama'a, amfani da nama a Najeriya har yanzu yana ƙasa da al'ada ta yanki (2 kg ga kowane mutum kuma kowace shekara a Najeriya, ya bambanta da 8 kg ga kowane kowane mutum a kowace shekara a cikin ECOWAS). [24]

  • Shugabannin Dabbobi Jirgin ruwa a Focal da Yammacin Afirka Waɗannan darussan suna gudana a arewa zuwa kudu daga Sahel zuwa kasuwannin bakin teku. Mutane da yawa sun haɗu sosai zuwa Najeriya, a cikin wannan yankin (source: IRAM, 2009) [26]
  • Ingantawa na Noma da Dabbobi na Najeriya

A Basic Stake ga League, da Reproducers' Associations, da kuma Abokan Dabbobi da ke kawo al'ummai a cikin Sahel. Yin karin kayan nama da sauri, yana motsawa zuwa karfafa muhimmancin ayyukan dabbobi na gida, tallafawa sha'awar masu zaman kansu a wannan yanki - matakan dabarun dabbobi na Najeriya suna da ƙarfi a kan ayyukan dabbobi da aka mayar da hankali da kuma shigo da su daga ƙasashe waɗanda suka inganta masana'antar dabbobi. Dukkanin wadannan zaɓuɓɓukan dabarun sun dogara da amfani da hatsi da yawa, samun dama da farashin da suka bambanta sosai tare da canje-canjen da ke faruwa a Sahel da duk faɗin duniya. Hakanan mutum na iya ci gaba da tunani game da ko hanyoyin wannan dabba sun warware batutuwan halittar kiwo da kiwo da aiki a kan daidaituwa tsakanin masu haifuwa da masu kiwo (wasu a wasu lokuta gwagwarmaya mai ban tsoro ta ɓarke a cikin 2009 da 2010 a lardunan Bauchi, Nasarawa, Benue, Level da Ebonyi). Daidaitaccen alaƙa da ci gaban jama'a, ci gaban jamaʼa a Najeriya da kuma shigar da abinci da wuraren ban ruwa batutuwa ne masu wahala. Batun yana cikin wannan hanyar, mafi karfi fiye da sauran ƙasashen Sahel, ɗaya daga cikin sa yawo ya fi aminci. Dabbobi da ke tasowa a yankin Sahel suna da muhimmiyar rawa a Najeriya. Dole ne a karfafa alaƙar da ke tsakanin dabbobi masu gida da ke kawowa a Arewa da Kudu, ba tare da yanke nama daga Sahel ba. Kudin ya kamata ya wakilci iyakar abubuwan da suka faru, yawan tafiye-tafiye da kuma raguwar farashin cinikin kuɗi. Yayin da yawan mazauna a cikin birane da garuruwa a cikin Sahel ke tasowa, wannan nama zai zama mafi tsada, kuma saboda haka ya fi "ƙayyadaddun" daidai da ikon sayen kwastomomi. A cikin shekaru 10 masu gudana, al'ummomin Sahel ba za su iya cika bukatun hamburger na Najeriya ba, duk da haka a kowane hali za su iya ɗaukar muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa tattalin arzikin su daban. Halitta na hamburger na Sahel ya kamata ya cika wasu abubuwa don cika ingancin buƙatu. Hanyoyin da ke kan hanyar nunawa daga Sahel suna da yawa daga cikin lokutan da ba su da kyau, kuma hakan yana nuna cewa ya kamata a cika su a tsakiyar wuraren da ke kan bangarorin biyu na layin. Ga duk abin da ya fi dacewa da kuma duk abin da ke cikin sauri dabbobin madara don kasuwa, ya kamata a tsira da iyakokin shigarwa don kula da su. Wannan yana nuna cewa ƙungiyoyin masu haifuwa na dabbobi ya kamata su sami ƙarin iko na siyasa a musayar tare da masana'antu (waɗanda ke samar da alkama, presscake, da sauransu). Wannan kuma yana nuna cewa ya kamata a sami hanyoyin da za su yi aiki a kan kula da tasirin yankunan karkara. Wadannan wani bangare ne na matsalolin da ke fuskantar ƙungiyoyin masu haifuwa yayin da suke ƙoƙarin yin aiki a kan rayuwarsu da kuma tallafawa yankin kiwon shanu.[24]

Tsuntsu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
an image of poultry farm birds
Tsuntsaye na gonar kaji

Tsuntsu A Najeriya

Kaji sun fi al'ada fiye da sauran tsuntsayen kaji. Suna da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke fitowa daga ja (yadudduka), gasassun, da noilers. Gasassun galibi ana amfani da su don ƙirƙirar nama yayin da yadudduka don ƙirƙirar kwai. Dabbobin da aka fi so a Najeriya sun hada da Marshall, ISA Brown, Cobb, Bovans Dark, Cornish Cross, Arbor Section of land Bugu da ƙari, K-22 Moyer, da kuma Goliaths na Masara. Ranchers suna samun jari daga incubators ko dai daga zamanin (DOCs), ko kwanaki goma sha huɗu da suka isa, ko alamar layukan sa (makonni 15-17 da suka isa) daga manyan wuraren kiwo na iyali. [24]

Tsarin gudanarwa na kaji da ake amfani da shi sune:

  • Tsarin yawo kyauta, inda ake kiwon tsuntsaye da farko don amfani da iyali. Ana ba su izinin yawo a bayyane a kusa da yankin neman abinci da ruwa. Wannan tsarin ya fi dacewa a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar lardin da ke nesa
  • Tsarin da ba shi da mahimmanci, inda aka ba da izinin tsuntsaye su yi yawo duk da haka har yanzu suna da mafaka, kuma ƙananan abincin kasuwanci don karawa da biyan bashin da suka samu a cikin binciken su
  • Tsarin da aka mayar da hankali, inda aka ƙuntata tsuntsaye zuwa shinge ko gidaje inda aka ba da isasshen abinci, ruwa, gudanarwa na jin daɗi. An raba shi cikin zurfin datti da tsarin batir. Saboda tasirin wannan tsarin, ya fi dacewa a yankunan kudancin kasar, inda kirkirar kaji ta kasuwanci ke kan hauhawa.[23]

Fitarwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin 2022, Najeriya ta samar da:

  • Tunanin maniyyi miliyan 59.6 (mafi girma a duniya). Najeriya tana da asusun har zuwa kashi 20% na samar da cassava a duniya, kusan kashi 34 cikin 100 na Afirka, da kuma kusan kashi 46 cikin 100 na Yammacin Afirka; [3]
  • Tunanin yam miliyan 47.5 (mafi girma a duniya); [27]
  • Tunanin taro miliyan 3.3 (mafi girma a duniya); [28]
  • 2.6 miliyan ton na cowpea (mafi girma mai samarwa a duniya); [29]
  • 6.8 miliyan ton na sorghum (mafi girma mai samarwa a duniya); [30][31]
  • 2 miliyan ton na okra (2nd mafi girma samarwa a duniya, na biyu kawai zuwa Indiya); [32]
  • 2.8 miliyan ton na man shanu (3rd mafi girma a duniya, na biyu kawai zuwa China da Indiya);
  • Tunanin dankalin turawa miliyan 4 (mai samar da dankalin da ya fi girma a duniya, na biyu kawai bayan China da Malawi);
  • 369 dubu ton na ginger (3rd mafi girma samarwa a duniya, rasa kawai ga Indiya da China);
  • 2.2 miliyan ton na millet (4th mafi girma a duniya, na biyu kawai zuwa Indiya, Nijar, da Sudan);
  • Tunanin Man dabino miliyan 7.8 (4th mafi girma a duniya, na biyu kawai ga Indonesia, Malaysia, da Thailand);
  • Tunanin dubu 572 na tsaba na sesame (4th mafi girma a duniya, rasa kawai ga Sudan, Myanmar, da Indiya);
  • 332 dubu ton na koko (4th mafi girma a duniya, na biyu kawai zuwa Ivory Coast, Ghana, da Indonesia);
  • Tunanin miliyan 3 na plantain (5th mafi girma a duniya);
  • 833 dubu ton na papaya (6th mafi girma samarwa a duniya);
  • Tunanin pineapple miliyan 1.6 (mai samar da 7 a duniya);
  • Tunanin Tumar miliyan 3.9 (mai samar da mafi girma a duniya);
  • 6.8 miliyan ton na shinkafa (ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu samar da shinkafa a Afirka, [3] 14th mafi girma a duniya);
  • Tunanin masara miliyan 10.1 (mai samar da masara na 14 a duniya);
  • Tunanin kayan lambu miliyan 7.5.
  • 1.4 miliyan ton na sukari;
  • 1.3 miliyan ton na dankali;
  • 949 dubu ton na mango (ciki har da mangosteen da guava);
  • 938 tan dubu na albasa;
  • 758 tan dubu na soya;
  • Tunanin dubu 747 na albasa mai laushi;
  • Tunanin dubu 585 na egusi;
  • 263 tan dubu na sheanut;
  • Tunanin kwakwa dubu 150.

Baya ga ƙananan kayan aikin gona, Najeriya ta samar da kimanin tan miliyan 2.2 na kifi a cikin shekara ta 2008. [3]

Kayayyakin noma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Taswirar manyan kayayyakin noma na Najeriya

Amfanin soya da aka shuka a Najeriya sun hada da wake, shinkafa, sesame, cashew nuts, cassava, wake koko, groundnuts, gum arabic, kolanut, koko, masara (masara), melon, millet, ƙwayoyin dabino, Man dabino, shinkafar, roba, sorghum, soybeans, ayaba, da yams.[33]

A baya, an san Najeriya da fitar da man fetur da Man dabino. Koyaya, a cikin shekaru, yawan fitar da waɗannan samfuran ya ragu. Shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, kamfanonin Najeriya na cikin gida sun fara fitar da groundnuts, cashew nuts, sesame seeds, moringa seeds, ginger, koko, da sauran amfanin gona.[34] 

Kayayyakin noma na kasar sun kasu kashi biyu ne: kayan abinci da ake nomawa don amfanin gida da na tsabar kudi da ake sayar da su domin riba da fitar da su kasashen waje. Kafin yakin basasar Najeriya, kasar ta kasance mai dogaro da kanta a fannin abinci, amma hakan ya ragu bayan 1973. Gurasar da aka yi da alkama daga Amurka ya maye gurbin amfanin gonakin gida a matsayin abinci mafi arha. Tsakanin 1980 zuwa 2016, samar da doya ya karu daga kimanin tan miliyan 5 zuwa tan miliyan 44. [35]

Tunanin da aka samar a 1980 2000 2016
Masara 612,000[36] 4,107,000[36] 764,678[37]
Millet 2,824,000[38] 5,814,000[38] 1,468,668[37]
Masara ta Guinea 3,690,000[39] 7,711,000[39] 6,939,335[37]
Yam 5,250,000[35] 26,210,000[35] 44,109,615[37]
Cassava 11,500,000 32,697,000[40] 57,134,478[37]
Shinkafa, shinkafa 1,090,000[41] 3,298,000 6,070,813[37]
Tsuntsu na melon 94,000[42] 345,000[42] 569,398[37]
Cocoyam 208,000[43] 3,886,000[43] 3,175,842[37]
Tsuntsu na Sesame 15,000 72,000 460,988[43]

koko

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Cocoa ita ce babbar musayar kasashen waje da ba ta mai ba, amma rinjayar kananan masu mallakar da rashin ma'aikatan gona saboda birni yana hana samarwa. Wasu wasu dalilai da ke hana samar da koko sun hada da kudi, rashin daidaituwa, da kuma karɓar sabbin nau'ikan shuke-shuke don gyara tsofaffi da noma sabbin shuke-huke. Wadannan dalilai an gano su ne ta hanyar masu ruwa da tsaki da yawa.[2] Farfado da Masana'antar Kwayar Najeriya

Kalubale sun kawar da kasar daga kasancewa ta biyu mafi girma mai samar da wake zuwa ta huɗu, wanda Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, da Indonesia suka wuce. A shekara ta 1969, Najeriya ta samar da tan 145,000 na wake; duk da haka, tana da damar samar da sama da 300,000 a kowace shekara. Gwamnatin Najeriya na iya ba da ƙarin ƙarfafawa ga manoman koko don kara yawan aiki.

Rubber

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Rubber ita ce ta biyu mafi girma ba mai ba da musayar kasashen waje ba.[5][44] Rubber

Latex daga Itacen Rubber a jihar Ogun

yana girma a fadin jihohi daban-daban a Najeriya, gami da jihohin Edo, Delta, Ondo, Ogun, Abia, Anambra, Akwa Ibom, Cross Rivers, Ebonyi, da Bayelsa.[45][46]

Rubber na halitta yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tattalin arzikin Najeriya, yana aiki da mahimman dalilai guda uku: yana samar da albarkatun kasa ga masana'antun noma, yana samar da kudaden musayar kasashen waje, kuma ya kafa Najeriya a matsayin fitaccen mai fitar da roba a matakin duniya, [47] yayin da yake ba da damar aiki ga yawancin manoma na karkara. [48] A cikin 2022, Najeriya ita ce babbar mai fitar da Rubber tare da fitarwa a cikin roba wanda ya karu zuwa kusan dala miliyan 84.5.[49]

Man dabino mai cin abinci ne wanda ya fito daga 'ya'yan itacen dabino mai

Man dabino

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Man dabino yana da yawa a cikin carotenes, waɗanda ke da alamun bitamin A, tocopherols, da Antioxidants, ana amfani da man dabino don dafa abinci da soya a Najeriya. Ya haifar da sha'awar amfani da man dabino a matsayin tushen halitta na bitamin A a Afirka.[50]

Kodayake gonakin dabino da filayen dabino sun mamaye fiye da hekta 118,264, shuka da kashi 5% kawai na jimlar man dabino na Najeriya. Kodayake cake na dabino sananne ne a gonakin Yammacin Turai a matsayin sinadarin abinci mai amfani, galibi ana amfani dashi azaman tushen fiber da makamashi a cikin abinci don kifi, tsuntsaye, da aladu har zuwa kwanan nan.

Masana'antar man dabino ta zama wani bangare na tattalin arzikin Najeriya, samar da abinci da albarkatun kasa don abinci, kayan shafawa, magunguna, filastik, da masana'antun makamashi. A Najeriya, cibiyar da ke da bayanai game da dabino mai ita ce Cibiyar Nazarin dabino ta Najeriya. Aikin hukuma na cibiyar shine gudanar da bincike game da samarwa da kayayyakin dabino da sauran dabino na tattalin arziki da kuma canja wurin binciken binciken ga manoma.[51]

Ya zuwa 2023, Jihar Edo tana da matsayi na farko a cikin samar da man dabino a Najeriya, godiya ga gudummawa mai mahimmanci daga Flourmills Najeriya, Dufil, da Saro Africa, waɗanda suka hada dubban hekta na gonakin dabino a jihar.[52]

Samar da amfanin gona

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Samar da amfanin gona a Najeriya a cikin 2000, 20, da 2020

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tonnes da aka samar a cikin [37] 1980 2000 2016
'Ya'yan itacen dabino mai 5,750,000 8,220,000 7,817,207
Kako 153,000 338,000 236,521
Abinci 471,000 2,901,000 3,028,571
Kwayar kwaya 135,000 82,000 143,829
Ginger 200 98,000 522,964

Al'adun gargajiya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Har yanzu ana shuka hatsi na gargajiya kamar su fonio (Digitaria exilis da Digitaria iburua) a tsakiyar Belt na tsakiyar Najeriya.

Sauran amfanin gona na gargajiya a Najeriya sune:

Kifi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Samar da kifi musamman daga ruwa yana da mahimmanci ga ci gaban kudi na 'yan Najeriya da kuma jajircewarta ga ci gaban kudin kasar ta hanyar GDP (Gross domestic product). [53]

Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Filin shinkafa a Najeriya

Ofishin gwamnati da ke da alhakin ci gaban noma da canji a Najeriya a halin yanzu shine Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona da Ci gaban Karkara ta Tarayya. Da farko gwamnatin tarayya ta Najeriya ce ke tallafawa, Ma'aikatar a halin yanzu tana kula da kusan kamfanoni hamsin da ke aiki a matsayin sassan ko hukumomi a duk faɗin ƙasar. Ma'aikatar tana da manyan sassan biyu, wato Sashen Fasaha da Sabis:

  • Ma'aikatar Fasaha: Gudanar da aikin gona (itace da amfanin gona), kamun kifi, dabbobi, albarkatun ƙasa, taki, ajiyar abinci da ajiya, da ci gaban karkara.
  • Ma'aikatar Sabis: Gudanar da kudi, albarkatun ɗan adam, sayarwa, PPAS (tsarin, manufofi, bincike da kididdiga), da hadin gwiwa.

Audu Ogbeh ne ya jagoranci ma'aikatar, wanda Shugaba Muhammad Buhari ya nada a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 2015, wanda ya gaji Akinwumi Adesina, wanda aka zaba ya zama shugaban Bankin Raya Afirka. Buhari ya kuma nada Heineken Lokpobiri a matsayin sabon Ministan Noma da Shehu Ahmad a matsayin Sakatare na Dindindin a karkashin sabuwar Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona da Ci gaban Karkara.[54]

A cikin 2023, Shugaba Bola Ahmed Tinubu ya canza sunan Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona zuwa Ma'aikatu da Tsaron Abinci kuma ya nada Sanata Abubakar Kyari a matsayin Ministan Aikin Goma da Tsaron Abincin. [55]

Siyasa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gudanar da shinkafa a kudu maso gabashin Najeriya
shinkafa da aka shinkafa ta raba kayan daga shinkafa, ta wata mace 'yar Najeriya
Mata suna aiki a cikin niƙa. Ana cire husk da bran na shinkafa da aka dafa don ba da farin hatsi a kudu maso gabashin Najeriya.

A cikin shekara ta 2011, gwamnatin Shugaba Jonathan's ta ƙaddamar da Tsarin Canjin Aikin Gona, wanda Ma'aikatar Aikin Goma da Ci gaban Karkara ta Tarayya ke kula da shi. Babban burin ajanda shine sanya aikin gona a matsayin kasuwanci mai fa'ida, haɗa sarkar darajar noma, da kuma kafa aikin gona a matsayinsa na babban direba na ci gaban tattalin arzikin Najeriya. Don cimma wannan ajanda, gwamnati ta aiwatar da matakai da yawa:

  • Sabbin abubuwan da ke motsawa na kasafin kudi don karfafa maye gurbin shigo da kayayyaki na cikin gida
  • Cire ƙuntatawa a fannonin saka hannun jari da matsakaicin mallakar hannun jari a cikin saka hannun jari ta masu saka hannun jari na kasashen waje
  • Kula da musayar kuɗi - canja wurin kuɗi kyauta, riba, da dividends
  • Tabbacin kundin tsarin mulki game da mallakar kasa / kwace saka hannun jari
  • Zero kashi (0%) haraji a kan kayan aikin gona da kayan aiki da shigo da su
  • Ranar Hutun haraji don saka hannun jari a gona
  • Bayar da haraji da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi masana'antu, misali, bisa ga amfani da albarkatun kasa na gida, jagorancin fitarwa

Kwanan nan, Babban Bankin Najeriya ya fara shirin Anchors-Borrow [56] don ƙarfafa noman wasu amfanin gona, musamman shinkafa.

Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya ta kuma rufe iyakokinta na ƙasar don rage shigo da shinkafa da ƙarfafa samar da gida.[57]

A cikin 2024, Gwamnatin Najeriya ta haramta harajin shigo da kayayyaki na ɗan lokaci a kan kayan aikin gona masu mahimmanci don yaki da hauhawar abinci da tallafawa samar da gida. Wannan manufofin suna da niyyar rage farashin shigo da abinci da ƙarfafa saka hannun jari a cikin aikin gona da masana'antun sarrafa abinci.[58]

Bugu da ƙari, gwamnati ta gabatar da shirye-shiryen tallafin kuɗi da kayan aiki ga manoma, gami da rance mai ƙarancin riba, tallafi don shigar da kayan aikin gona, da saka hannun jari a cikin ababen more rayuwa na karkara. [59]

Har ila yau, gwamnatin Najeriya ta gabatar da Shirin Katin Lafiya na Manoma na Najeriya wanda zai tabbatar da kafa dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwaji a jihohi daban-daban da kananan hukumomi a Najeriya don bunkasa samar da manoma.[60]

A watan Agustan 2025, Najeriya ta sanya haramtacciyar watanni shida kan fitar da kwayoyin shinkafa don haɓaka ci gaban tattalin arzikin gida da haɓaka ƙimar.[61]

Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci Gaban

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Manufofin Ci gaba mai dorewa a bangaren noma a Najeriya sun yi tasiri a bangaren fitarwa da ke da alhakin amfani da samar da kayayyakin noma a Najeriya. Kudin da aka samu a bangaren fitarwa na kowane wata ya inganta a cikin shekaru hudu. A watan Janairun 2016, fitar da kayan gona ya kai N4.1 biliyan, wanda ya tashi zuwa N25 biliyan a watan Janairu 2017. Daga Afrilu 2019 zuwa Maris 2020, jimlar fitar da aikin gona ya kai N289 biliyan ga Najeriya.

Fitar da aikin gona a cikin watanni shida na farko na 2020 ya kasance N204.45 biliyan, wanda ke nuna cewa yawan aiki yana ƙaruwa a cikin ɓangaren don ba da damar haɓaka fitarwa.[62]

Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci Gaban sun kuma haifar da fitowar manufofi waɗanda suka yi tasiri ga bangaren noma. Wasu daga cikinsu sun hada da "Manufar Inganta Aikin Gona - 2016-2020", wanda ke mai da hankali kan tabbatar da Tsaro na abinci ta hanyar rage shigo da abinci. Yana kula da sauye-sauyen ma'aikata da ƙarfafawa don ci gaban fasaha a matakin gida. Shirin Aikin Aikin Aiki na Labaran Aikin Gona yana tattara kudade don ci gaban Kasuwancin noma da matasa ke jagoranta. Wata manufa ita ce Dokar Tabbatar da Kudin Aikin Gona daga 2016, wanda ke ba da ƙarfafawa ga manoma da sauran masu sana'a a duk faɗin jerin samar da aikin gona. A ƙarshe, an ƙaddamar da "Green Alternative: The Agriculture Promotion Policy" a tsakiyar shekara ta 2016. An halicce shi ne don bunkasa samar da soya da cowpea, waɗanda aka zaba don mayar da hankali ga manufofin saboda darajar abinci mai gina jiki da damar fitarwa.[63]

Rashin komawa ga Sashin Aikin Gona na Najeriya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tun daga shekara ta 2015, hare-haren makiyaya a kan gonaki a duk faɗin Najeriya sun haifar da ƙarancin fitarwa kamar yadda yawancin al'ummomin noma suka watsar da noma ko kuma sun rage ayyukan noma saboda barazanar lalacewar amfanin gona ko rikice-rikicen jini. Wannan ya haifar da hauhawar farashin abinci da hauhawan rashin aikin yi. [1] Makiyaya da manoma: Manoma masu faɗaɗa rikice-rikice masu kisa na Najeriya suna zargin makiyaya da niyya da shanu su ci amfanin gonarsu, wanda wani lokacin yakan sa manoma su kai farmaki ga makiyaya. Makiyaya galibi suna haɗuwa don ƙone dukan al'ummomin noma na karkara don ramawa.

Kodayake Najeriya tana gab da wadatar kanta a cikin samar da shinkafa [2], masana sun yi gargadin cewa idan ba a warware rikice-rikicen da ke tsakanin makiyaya da manoma ba nan da nan ba, zai iya lalata ribar da aka samu ya zuwa yanzu. Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da yawa da aka sanya hannu tsakanin su biyu sun kasa rage abubuwan da suka faru na lalacewar amfanin gona ko tashin hankali da ya haifar. [3] Wani rahoto na baya-bayan nan da Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Gona ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta bayar ya nuna cewa kimanin 'yan Najeriya miliyan 25.3 suna cikin haɗarin rashin tsaro da matsalolin canjin yanayi a Najeriya.[64]

Dubi kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "10 Roles of Agriculture in Nigeria Economic Development". InfoGuideNigeria.com (in Turanci). 2020-12-06. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modelled ILO estimate) - Nigeria". Work Bank Data. World Bank. 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 "Nigeria at a glance". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
  4. ↑ "Nigeria: agriculture sector share in employment". Statista (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-12-17.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Adeite, Adedotun (2022-04-14). "Agriculture in Nigeria: 7 Interesting Facts & Statistics". Babban Gona (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 jlukmon (2022-11-18). "List 10 Importance of Agriculture in Nigeria". About Nigerians (in Turanci). Archived from the original on November 29, 2022. Retrieved 2022-12-16.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
  7. ↑ "Topic: Agriculture in Nigeria". Statista (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-12-17.
  8. ↑ cycles, This text provides general information Statista assumes no liability for the information given being complete or correct Due to varying update; Text, Statistics Can Display More up-to-Date Data Than Referenced in the. "Topic: Agriculture in Nigeria". Statista (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-07-30.
  9. ↑ "Topic: Agriculture in Nigeria". Statista (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-08-12.
  10. ↑ "Agriculture contributes 23% to GDP in 2022 – Minister". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News (in Turanci). 2022-09-15. Archived from the original on 2022-12-16. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
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  12. ↑ "Agriculture contributes 23% to GDP in 2022 — Minister". NewsWireNGR (in Turanci). 2022-09-15. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
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  14. ↑ Kurukulasuriya, Pradeep (2013). "Climate Change and Agriculture: A Review of Impacts and Adaptations". Climate Change Series 91 Environment Department Papers, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
  15. ↑ Olayide, Olawale Emmanuel; Tetteh, Isaac Kow; Popoola, Labode (December 2016). "Differential impacts of rainfall and irrigation on agricultural production in Nigeria: Any lessons for climate-smart agriculture?". Agricultural Water Management. 178: 30–36. Bibcode:2016AgWM..178...30O. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2016.08.034. ISSN 0378-3774.
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  18. ↑ Pasquini, MW; Alexander, MJ (2005). "Soil fertility management strategies on the Jos Plateau: the need for integrating 'Empirical' and 'Scientific' knowledge in agricultural development". Geographical Journal. 171 (2): 112–124. Bibcode:2005GeogJ.171..112P. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4959.2005.00154.x.
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  21. ↑ "Nigeria's Agricultural Import Bill Surges 30% to N920 billion in Q1" (in Turanci). 2024-06-27. Retrieved 2024-07-08.
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  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Livestock Production in Nigeria - A thriving Industry". One Health and Development Initiative (in Turanci). 2020-10-07. Retrieved 2024-07-16.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 "Demand for farm animal products in Nigeria: An opportunity for Sahel Countries?". inter-reseaux.org/ (in Faransanci). Retrieved 2024-07-16.
  25. ↑ "The future of livestock in Nigeria: Opportunities and challenges in the face of uncertainty - Nigeria | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int (in Turanci). 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2024-07-30.
  26. ↑ "Nigeria". www.ilri.org (in Turanci). 2023-08-07. Retrieved 2024-07-16.
  27. ↑ omotolani (2022-03-28). "Nigeria is the highest producer of yam, thanks to these states". Pulse Nigeria (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  28. ↑ "Top Taro Producing Countries In The World". WorldAtlas (in Turanci). 2017-11-28. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  29. ↑ "Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)". www.iita.org. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  30. ↑ "Sorghum Production by Country | World Agricultural Production 2022/2023". www.worldagriculturalproduction.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2022-11-12. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  31. ↑ "Sorghum Production by Country in 1000 MT - Country Rankings". www.indexmundi.com. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  32. ↑ "World Okra Production by Country". AtlasBig (in Turanci). 1970-01-01. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  33. ↑ Adesoji, Bamidele Samuel (2019-08-17). "Top 10 Agricultural Products Export from Nigeria". Nairametrics (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-03-21.
  34. ↑ Adesoji, Bamidele Samuel (2019-09-25). "Nigeria's top 10 agricultural exports hit N152 billion in half-year 2019". Nairametrics (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-03-21.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 Verter, Nahanga (2015-05-01). "An Analysis of Yam Production in Nigeria". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis. 63 (2): 659–665. doi:10.11118/actaun201563020659.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "Nigeria Maize production, 1961-2017 - knoema.com". Knoema (in Turanci). Retrieved 2018-07-19.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 37.4 37.5 37.6 37.7 37.8 "FAOSTAT". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2018-07-19.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 "Quandl". www.quandl.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2018-07-19.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "factfish Sorghum, production quantity for Nigeria". www.factfish.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2018-07-19.
  40. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named cassava
  41. ↑ "Nigeria Rice, paddy production, 1961-2017 - knoema.com". Knoema (in Turanci). Retrieved 2018-07-19.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 "factfish for Nigeria". www.factfish.com (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2018-07-19. Retrieved 2018-07-19.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 "factfish Taro, production quantity for Nigeria". www.factfish.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2018-07-19.
  44. ↑ "The Performance of Rubber Exports in Nigeria" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-03-07. Retrieved 2025-10-10.
  45. ↑ "International Rubber Study Group - Nigeria". www.rubberstudy.org. Retrieved 2022-02-28.
  46. ↑ "Rubber in Nigeria". The Observatory of Economic Complexity (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-07-18.
  47. ↑ "Rubber in Nigeria". The Observatory of Economic Complexity (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-07-02.
  48. ↑ "Rubber Tree Cultivation in Nigeria; The Investment Opportunity. « Foraminifera Market Research". foramfera.com. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
  49. ↑ "Rubber in Nigeria". The Observatory of Economic Complexity (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-07-30.
  50. ↑ "Palm oil products". okomunigeria.com. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
  51. ↑ "Oil Palm". www.nifor.gov.ng. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
  52. ↑ "As manufacturers order N241bn worth of palm oil". Businessday NG (in Turanci). 2023-07-07. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
  53. ↑ Odioko, Edafe; Becer, Zehra Arzu (March 2022). "The Economic Analysis of The Nigerian Fisheries Sector". doi:10.35229/jaes.1008836. Retrieved July 16, 2024.
  54. ↑ "Food Import Bill". Archived from the original on 2015-12-19. Retrieved 2015-11-11.
  55. ↑ Ibitomi, Foluke (2023-08-18). "Nigerian Government Sets Agenda for Food Security, Renames Agric Ministry". Voice of Nigeria (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2024-07-30. Retrieved 2024-07-30.
  56. ↑ "CBN and the Anchor Borrowers' ProgrammeE". ThisDayLive (in Turanci). 2020-03-01. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  57. ↑ "The economic pains of Nigeria's land border closure". businessday.ng. 24 September 2020. Retrieved 2020-11-26.
  58. ↑ "Tinubu Approves Temporary Import Duty Ban to Combat Food Inflation". Naijaecho.com.ng (in Turanci). 2024-07-14. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  59. ↑ "Tinubu employs N500 billion in remedies to combat hardship". Naijaecho.com.ng (in Turanci). 2023-08-01. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  60. ↑ Natsa, Ruth Tene (2024-07-24). "FG inaugurates committee to implement Nigeria Farmers' Soil Health Card Scheme". Businessday NG (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-07-30.
  61. ↑ "Nigeria bans export of shea nuts used in beauty creams for six months". www.bbc.com (in Turanci). 2025-08-27. Retrieved 2025-08-27.
  62. ↑ Ukpe, William (2020-10-01). "Nigeria @ 60: Agriculture and the way forward". Nairametrics (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-03-27.
  63. ↑ Gil, Juliana Dias Bernardes; Reidsma, Pytrik; Giller, Ken; Todman, Lindsay; Whitmore, Andrew; van Ittersum, Martin (July 2019). "Sustainable development goal 2: Improved targets and indicators for agriculture and food security". Ambio (in Turanci). 48 (7): 685–698. Bibcode:2019Ambio..48..685G. doi:10.1007/s13280-018-1101-4. ISSN 0044-7447. PMC 6509081. PMID 30267284.
  64. ↑ Ekwe, Michael (2023-06-06). "A deadly duo: Climate change and conflict are fuelling Nigeria's food insecurity crisis". The Conversation (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-07-30.

Haɗin waje

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
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