Yankin yancin ciniki na Afirka

Yankin yancin ciniki na Afirka
free trade area (en)

Yankin Ciniki na Afirka (AFTZ) yanki ne na cinikayya kyauta wanda aka sanar a taron koli na EAC-SADC-COMESA a ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2008 ta shugabannin Kudancin Afirka (SADC), Kasuwar Kasuwanci ta Gabas da Kudancin Afrika (COMESA) da Kudanci na Afirka (EAC).

Yankin Ciniki na Afirka kuma ana kiransa Yankin Cinikayya na Afirka a wasu takardun hukuma da sakonnin manema labarai.

A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012 an kara ra'ayin don hada da ECOWAS, ECCAS da AMU.

A watan Yunin 2015, a taron koli na Tarayyar Afirka a Afirka ta Kudu, an kaddamar da shawarwari don ƙirƙirar Yankin Ciniki na Continental (CFTA) tare da dukkan jihohin Tarayyar Afrika 55 a shekarar 2017.

Sa hannu

Shugabannin bangarorin kasuwanci guda uku na AFTZ, COMESA, EAC, da SADC, sun sanar da yarjejeniyar, tare da manufar kirkirar yankin cinikayya kyauta guda daya da za a kira shi Yankin Ciniki na Afirka, wanda ya kunshi kasashe 26 tare da GDP na kimanin US $ 624bn (£ 382.9bn). An yi fatan cewa yarjejeniyar Yankin Ciniki na Afirka za ta sauƙaƙa samun dama ga kasuwanni a cikin yankin AFTZ kuma ta kawo ƙarshen matsaloli saboda yawancin ƙasashe membobin AFTZ na ƙungiyoyin yanki da yawa.

Yankin Ciniki na Afirka da aka sanar a taron koli na EAC-SADC-COMESA (wanda aka fi sani da taron koli na AFTZ da Tripartite) yadda ya kamata shine cikar mafarki sama da shekaru ɗari a cikin yin, yankin kasuwanci wanda ya mamaye tsawon nahiyar Afirka daga Cape zuwa Alkahira, daga Arewacin Afirka har zuwa kudancin Afirka a Afirka ta Kudu (Cape Town). Cecil Rhodes da sauran masu mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ne suka yi tunanin mafarkin Cape zuwa Alkahira a cikin shekarun 1890 kuma an bayyana shi a cikin mahallin da sassan daban-daban ciki har da, amma ba a iyakance shi ba, manufofi masu zuwa: Cape zuwa Alhira Road, Cape zuwa Alhairo Railway, Cape zuwa Cairo Telegraph, da Cape zuwa Cairo Trade Union.

Duk da yake wasu iko, musamman Jamus da Portugal suna da yankuna ko wuraren tasiri a yankin kasuwanci na Cape zuwa Alkahira da aka yi la'akari da su, babban mai ba da gudummawa ga ƙungiyar Cape zuwa Alihira zai kasance Burtaniya da Daular Burtaniya. Babban bambanci a cikin ra'ayin asalin yankin Cape zuwa Alkahira da kuma halin da yake ciki yanzu shi ne cewa Yankin Ciniki na Afirka shine kirkirar Kasashen Afirka don amfanin juna da ci gaban kasashe membobin AFTZ, mutanensu da dukan nahiyar Afirka maimakon yankin kasuwanci don amfanin Burtaniya. Daga ƙarshe, ana fatan AFTZ za ta zama babban gini ga hadin kan Afirka da kuma cimma burin Afirka a karkashin jagorancin Tarayyar Afirka.

Wani muhimmin bambanci tsakanin asalin da na yanzu shine cewa AFTZ ya ƙunshi yanki mafi girma fiye da wanda ko da Cecil Rhodes zai iya tunaninsa. Tunanin Cape zuwa Alkahira na asali a lokacin Cecil Rhodes kuma yanzu a ƙarƙashin AFTZ yanki ne na cinikayya kyauta wanda ya mamaye dukan nahiyar daga Cape Town a Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Alkahora a Misira. Cecil Rhodes' Cape to Cairo zai hada da kasashe da yawa. Bayanan da ke cikin Cape zuwa yankin Alkahira na yanzu wanda AFTZ ta tabbatar ya ƙunshi mafi yawan Afirka, kusan rabin ƙasashe (26 daga cikin 54), fiye da rabin samarwa, kasuwanci, yawan jama'a, ƙasa da albarkatu. Idan ya tabbatar da iyawarsa kuma ya zama ƙungiyar tattalin arziki da ta dace da gaske, AFTZ na iya yin gasa da kowane ƙungiyar tattalin arziki tare da manyan albarkatun ƙasa, manyan kasuwanni, matasa, da babbar ƙwarewar fasaha (yawanci ta hanyar SADC gabaɗaya da Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu musamman).

Baya ga kawar da membobin da ke da ma'ana da kuma matsalar kasashe membobin da suka shiga cikin wasu tsare-tsaren hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki na yanki da tsare-tsare na hadin gwiwoyin siyasa da tsaro na yanki waɗanda zasu iya yin gasa da ko lalata juna, Yankin Ciniki na Afirka ya ci gaba da niyyar karfafa ikon cinikayya na AFTZ yayin tattaunawar yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa.

Masu sharhi sun yi imanin cewa yarjejeniyar Yankin Ciniki na Afirka za ta taimaka wa cinikayya ta cikin yanki da haɓaka ci gaba.

Ana ɗaukar AFTZ a matsayin babban mataki a aiwatar da AEC, ƙungiyar jihohin Tarayyar Afirka da ke kafa tushe don ci gaban tattalin arziki tsakanin yawancin jihohin Afirka. Manufofin da aka bayyana na kungiyar AEC sun hada da kirkirar yankunan kasuwanci kyauta, kungiyoyin kwastam, kasuwa guda, babban banki, da kuma kudin gama gari don haka kafa ƙungiyar tattalin arziki da kuɗi ga Tarayyar Afirka.

Yankunan kasuwanci

Kungiyoyin kasuwanci guda uku da suka amince da su kuma sun hada da AFTZ, COMESA, EAC da SADC, sun riga sun kafa su da kyau a cikin hakkinsu kuma sun rufe yankuna daban-daban na ƙasa, tsarin tattalin arziki, tsarin siyasa da kuma mutane daban-daban (wanda ya hada da Larabawa a Arewa, mutane masu launin fata a Gabas da Kudu, gami da adadi mai yawa na 'yan Afirka ta Kudu, gamo da Indiyawan Indiya, da sauran kungiyoyin Afirka masu launin fata da suka haɗu da miliyoyin Afirka ta Kudu). Yawancin membobin rukunin kasuwanci na membobin AFTZ guda uku sun haɗu tare da ƙasashe da yawa kasancewa memba na fiye da ɗaya daga cikin rukunin kasuwanci na memba na AFTZ da kuma memba na wasu kawance a ciki da ba tare da rukunin kasuwanci guda uku ba.

Muhimmancin tarihi na AFTZ

Taron EAC-SADC-COMESA an dauke shi tarihi ne saboda a karo na farko, tun lokacin da aka haifi Tarayyar Afirka, manyan gine-gine da yawa na EAC sun hadu kan yadda za a haɗa yankuna da kuma matsawa zuwa zurfafawa da fadada hadin kai a cikin Yarjejeniyar Abuja gaba ɗaya don kafa AEC. Bugu da ƙari, a karo na farko da aka kafa haɗin kai na gaske, daga arewa zuwa kudancin nahiyar. AFTZ (EAC, COMESA da SADC) a halin yanzu suna da jimillar yawan mutane miliyan 527 da jimilwar GDP na dala biliyan 625. A cikin girman da iyawa, AFTZ tana gasa da yawancin rukunin kasuwanci.

SADC ita ce mafi girma daga cikin rukunin kasuwanci na membobin AFTZ kuma tana rufe yawan mutane miliyan 248 da kuma yankin da jimlar GDP ta kai dala biliyan 379 a shekara ta 2006.

An kafa COMESA a cikin 1994 a matsayin maye gurbin Yankin Kasuwanci na Musamman. Ya haɗa da ƙasashe 20, tare da jimlar GDP na US $ 286.7bn a shekara ta 2006. Daga cikin mambobinta akwai Zimbabwe, Zambia, Uganda da Sudan.

EAC, mafi ƙanƙanta daga cikin rukunin kasuwanci na membobin dangane da GDP, yana da GDP na US $ 46.6bn a shekara ta 2006.

Ƙasashen membobin

Taswirar da ke nuna jihohin membobin Yankin Ciniki na Afirka (AFTZ)

Kasashen EAC-SADC-COMESA na Yankin Ciniki na Afirka sun hada da kasashe masu zuwa:

• Angola
• Botswana
• Burundi
• Komoros
• Jibuti
• Template:Country data Democratic Republic of Congo
• Egypt
• Eritrea
• Habasha
• Kenya
• Lesotho
• Libya
• Madagaskar
• Malawi
• Moris
• Mozambik
• Namibiya
• Ruwanda
• Tanzaniya
• Seychelles
• Eswatini
• South Africa
• Sudan
• Uganda
• Zambiya
• Zimbabwe

Shugabannin taron AFTZ

Taron AFTZ, wanda kuma ake kira Taron Tripartite an buɗe shi kuma shugabannin kasashe shida na Afirka da ke wakiltar kungiyoyin kasuwanci membobin ne suka halarta. Wadanda suka halarci taron budewa a ranar Laraba sun kasance Shugabannin Yoweri Museveni na Uganda, Paul Kagame na Rwanda, Robert Mugabe na Zimbabwe, Kgalema Motlanthe na Afirka ta Kudu, Jakaya Kikwete na Tanzania da Mwai Kibaki na Kenya.

Taron Tattalin Arziki na AFTZ

Shugabannin Jihohi da Gwamnati masu zuwa sun halarci taron na AFTZ Tripartite:

• Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, Shugaban Jamhuriyar Uganda
• Mwai Kibaki, Shugaban Jamhuriyar Kenya
• Kgalema Motlanthe, Shugaban Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu
• Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete, Shugaban Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Tanzania
• Paul Kagame, Shugaban Jamhuriyar Rwanda
• Robert Gabriel Mugabe, Shugaban Jamhuriyar Zimbabwe
• Pakalitha Mosisili, Firayim Minista na Masarautar Lesotho
• Gabriel Ntisezerana, Mataimakin Shugaban Jamhuriyar Burundi na biyu
• Sibusiso Barnabas Dlamini, Firayim Minista na Masarautar Swaziland .

Masu wakilci masu zuwa sun wakilci Shugabannin Jihohi da Gwamnati na ƙasashe masu zuwa:

• Olivier Kamitatu Etshou, Ministan Shirye-shiryen, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo;
• Rifki Abdoulkader Bamakhrama Ministan Kasuwanci, da Masana'antu, Jamhuriyar Djibouti;
• Osman Mohamed, Ministan Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki, Jamhuriyar Larabawa ta Masar
• Ali Abd Alazziz Alsawi, Sakatare Janar na Tattalin Arziki, Ciniki da Zuba Jamahiriya, Babban Jama'ar Larabawa na Libya
• Joyce Banda, Ministan Harkokin Waje, Jamhuriyar Malawi
• Arvind Boolell, Ministan Harkokin Waje, Haɗin Yankin da Ciniki na Duniya, Jamhuriyar Mauritius;
• Antonion Fernando, Ministan Kasuwanci da Masana'antu, Jamhuriyar Mozambique
• Bradford Machila, Ministan Lands kuma Wakilin Musamman na Darajarsa Mataimakin Shugaban kasa da kuma Wakilin Shugaban Jamhuriyar Zambia
• Joaquim Duarte da Costa David, Ministan Masana'antu na Jamhuriyar Angola
• Neo D. Moroka, Ministan Kasuwanci da Masana'antu na Jamhuriyar Botswana
• Patrick Pillay, Ministan Harkokin Waje na Jamhuriyar Seychelles
• Hassan Ibrahim Gadkarim, Jakadan Jamhuriyar Sudan a Jamhuriwar Uganda, Jamhuriyan Rwanda da Jamhuriyoyin Burundi
• Wilfried I. Emvula, Jakada kuma Wakilin Dindindin a Tarayyar Afirka da Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Afirka, Jamhuriyar Namibia
• Salih Omar Abdu, Jakadan Jihar Eritrea a Jamhuriyar Kenya, Jamhuriwar Uganda da Jamhuriyan Tarayyar Tanzania
• Denis Andriamandroso, Jakadan Jamhuriyar Madagascar a Jamhuriwar Afirka ta Kudu
• Jakadan Clifford Sibusiso Mamba, Sakatare na Dindindin, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje da Ciniki, Masarautar Swaziland

Jami'ai masu zuwa sun wakilci kungiyoyinsu a taron koli na uku:

• Erastus J.O. Mwencha, Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Tarayyar Afirka;
• Lalla Ben Barka; Mataimakin Babban Sakataren, UNECA;
• Mtchera J. Chirwa, Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka;
• Kasaija Apuuli, IGAD; da Jakadan Liberata Mulamula, Babban Sakatare, Taron Kasa da Kasa kan Great Lakes

Har ila yau a cikin halarta akwai manyan jami'an zartarwa na

• COMESA Mista Sindiso Ngwenya, Sakatare Janar na COMESA
• EAC Amb. Juma Mwapachu
• SADC Dokta Tomaz Augusto Salomao, Babban Sakatare, SADC.

Shugaban SA a kan AFTZ

Shugaba Kgalema Motlanthe na Afirka ta Kudu yana magana a Kampala, Uganda, a taron al'ummomin tattalin arziki na yanki uku na Afirka, ya yi jayayya cewa AFTZ muhimmiyar mataki ce a hadewar tattalin arzikin Afirka da kuma hadin kan nahiyar. Tare da babban rashin tabbas a cikin tattalin arzikin duniya biyo bayan karuwar farashin abinci da makamashi kuma, kwanan nan, rikice-rikice a cikin kasuwannin kuɗi, Motlanthe ya ba da shawarar cewa zuwan AFTZ ba zai iya kasancewa a kan lokaci ba.

Duk da yake Afirka da sauran kasashe masu tasowa suna da tasiri a kan yanke shawara da suka kawo tsarin kudi na kasa da kasa zuwa gefen rushewa, ba tare da dalili ba, matalauta da marasa lafiya na waɗannan ƙasashe za su ɗauki nauyin matsalar tattalin arziki.

"Yana da mahimmanci cewa ana haɓaka ingantaccen matakan gyara don rage mummunan tasirin rikice-rikicen, kuma dole ne a haɗa ƙasashe masu tasowa a cikin shugabancin cibiyoyin hada-hadar kuɗi na duniya", in ji Motlanthe.

A lokaci guda, ya zama dole a yi aiki don inganta tsarin cinikayya na duniya wanda ya sanya damuwar kasashe masu tasowa, gami da ƙasashen Afirka, a tsakiya.

Ya kuma bukaci Kasuwar Kasuwanci ta Gabas da Kudancin Afirka (Comesa), Kungiyar Gabashin Afirka (EAC), da Kudanfin Kudancin Afrika (SADC), kara hadin kai zuwa ga mafi girman hadin kai.

"Tsarin da muke fara a yau yana nuna mataki na tarihi don cika wajibai a karkashin Tarayyar Afirka da tsarin Yarjejeniyar Abuja na hadin kan nahiyar, wanda ya fahimci cewa Al'ummomin Tattalin Arziki na Yankin sune gine-gine ga Al'ummar Tattalin arzikin Afirka. "

Lokaci ya zo ga Comesa, EAC da SADC don hada shirye-shiryen haɗin gwiwar yankunansu don kara fadada kasuwancinsu, buɗe damar samarwa, haɓaka matakan cinikayya a cikin Afirka, da haɓaka damar ci gaba.

"A matsayin mataki na gaba na fadada kasuwannin yanki a Afirka, tsarin da muka ƙaddamar a yau zai sanya mu cikin matsayi mai ƙarfi don amsawa yadda ya kamata ga karuwar gasa ta tattalin arzikin duniya kuma zai fara shawo kan ƙalubalen da membobin kungiyoyin yanki da yawa suka kawo.

"Saboda haka bari mu yanke shawara da ya dace don yin aiki a hankali kuma tare da ƙuduri don kafa yanki ɗaya na cinikayya kyauta wanda zai haɗa yankunanmu uku cikin ɗaya, "