Jamhuriyar Najeriya ta farko
 Jamhuriyar Najeriya ta farko | ||||
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| Wuri | ||||
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| Babban birni | Lagos, | |||
| Yawan mutane | ||||
| Faɗi | 55,670,055 (1963) | |||
| • Yawan mutane | 60.26 mazaunan/km² | |||
| Labarin ƙasa | ||||
| Yawan fili | 923,768 km² | |||
| Bayanan tarihi | ||||
| Ƙirƙira | 1 Oktoba 1963 | |||
| Rushewa | 15 ga Janairu, 1966 | |||
| Bayanan Tuntuɓa | ||||
| Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci | ||||
Jamhuriya ta farko ita ce gwamnatin jamhuriya ta Najeriya tsakanin 1963 zuwa 1966 wanda kundin tsarin mulkin jamhuriya na farko ya jagoranta . Gwamnatin ƙasar ta dogara ne akan tsarin tarayya na tsarin Westminster . Tsakanin inga Oktobaoba 1960, lokacin da ƙasar ta saƴa'yancin kai da 15 ga Janairu 1966, lokacin da aka yi juyin mulkin soja na farko, ana kuma kiranta da Jamhuriya ta farko. Jamhuriya ta farko a Najeriya ta samu mulkin shugabanni daban-daban da ke wakiltar yankunansu a matsayin firamare a wata tarayya a wannan lokaci. Shugabannin sun hada da Ahmadu Bello Arewacin Najeriya 1959-1966, Obafemi Awolowo Western Nigeria 1959-1960, Samuel Akintola Western Nigeria 1960-1966, Michael Okpara Eastern Nigeria 1960-1966, da Dennis Osadebay Mid-Western Nigeria 1964-1966.
An kafa (1963)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duk da cewa Najeriya ta samu 'yancin kai daga kasar Birtaniya a ranar 1 ga Oktoban 1960, al'ummar kasar sun ci gaba da rike Sarauniyar Ingila Elizabeth II a matsayin shugabar kasa har zuwa lokacin da aka amince da sabon kundin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1963 wanda ya ayyana kasar a matsayin jamhuriya. An kiyaye tsarin gwamnati na Westminster, don haka ikon shugaban kasa gabaɗaya na biki ne. [1]
Sunan "Nigeria" ya samo asali ne daga kalmar "Nijar" - sunan kogin da ya kasance mafi ban mamaki yanayin yanayin kasar. Najeriya kasa ce mai 923,768 square kilometres (356,669 sq mi), ta yi iyaka da jamhuriyar Benin zuwa yamma, daga arewa kuma ta yi iyaka da jamhuriyar Nijar da jamhuriyar Chadi, daga gabas da jamhuriyar Kamaru, da kudu ta mashigin tekun Guinea . Kasar ta sami 'yencin kanta daga hannun gwamnatin Biritaniya a ranar 1 ga Oktoban 1960, kuma ta zama jamhuriya a shekarar 1963. Tafiyar samun ‘yancin kai ta faro ne da wasu abubuwan da suka shafi tsarin mulki a Najeriya. Wadannan ci gaban tsarin mulkin kasar sun ga kasar ta sami mulkin kai a wasu bangarori a shekarar 1957 da kuma samun 'yancin kai a ranar 1 ga Oktoban 1960.
Shugaban kasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Shugaban kasa | Lokaci | Biki |
|---|---|---|
| Dr. Nnamdi Azikwe | 1 Oktoba 1963 - 16 Janairu 1966 | NCNC |
Note: Nnamdi Azikiwe ya yi murabus daga NCNC ya zama Gwamna-Janar na farko a Najeriya daga 16 ga Nuwamba 1960 - 30 ga Satumba 1963.
Firayam Minista
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa na Jam’iyyar Arewa shi ne Fira Minista daya tilo a zamanin Jamhuriyya ta farko.
Jam'iyyun siyasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Action Group (AG)
- Borno Youth Movement (BYM)
- Jam'iyyar Demokradiyyar Najeriya da Kamaru (DPNC)
- Jam'iyyar Dynamic Party (DP)
- Kungiyar Igala (IU)
- Igbira Tribal Union (ITU)
- Midwest Democratic Front (MDF)
- Majalisar kasa ta Najeriya da Kamaru/Convention of Nigerian Citizens (NCNC)
- Jam'iyyar Independence Party (NIP)
- Niger Delta Congress (NDC)
- Jam'iyyar National Democratic Party (NNDP)
- Northern Elements Progressive Union (NEPU)
- Jam'iyyar Arewa People's Congress (NPC)
- Northern Progressive Front (NPF)
- Jam'iyyar Republican (RP)
- United Middle Belt Congress (UMBC)
- United National Independence Party (UNIP)
- Zamfara Commoners Party (ZCP)
Siyasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An raba kasar zuwa yankuna uku na geopolitical - Yankin Yamma, Yankin Gabas da Yankin Arewa - kuma jam'iyyun siyasarta sun dauki kamanni da akidun kowane yanki. Jam’iyyar People’s Congress (NPC) ta wakilci yankin Arewa da galibi Hausawa / Fulani ne, Majalisar Tarayyar Najeriya da Kamaru (NCNC) (wanda daga baya aka sauya mata suna zuwa “Majalisar Jama’ar Najeriya”) ta wakilci yankin Gabashin Ibo ne. sannan kungiyar Action Group (AG) ta mamaye yankin Yarbawa ta Yamma. NPC ta karbe ikon majalisar tarayya, ta kuma kafa gwamnatin hadaka da NCNC. Jam’iyyar Independence Party (NIP) da Farfesa Eyo Ita ya kafa ta zama jam’iyyar siyasa ta biyu a tsohon yankin Gabas. Ahmadu Bello, Sardaunan Sokoto, shugaban jam'iyyar NPC, yana shirin zama Firimiyan Firimiya, amma a maimakon haka ya zabi ya zama Firimiyan yankin Arewa, kuma ya goyi bayan takarar mataimakinsa Tafawa Balewa . Hakan dai ya haifar da shakku a tsakanin ‘yan siyasar kudancin kasar, inda suka nuna rashin jin dadinsu kan ra’ayin gwamnatin tarayya da wani shugaban yankin ke kula da shi ta hanyar da aka nada masa. A karshe, Tafawa Balewa na NPC ya zama Firayim Minista kuma shugaban gwamnati, sannan Nnamdi Azikiwe na NCNC ya zama shugaban kasa .
A lokacin da Nijeriya ta samu ‘yancin kai, yankin Arewa ya samu kujeru a majalisar wakilai fiye da na gabas da yamma idan aka hade-hakan zai kara tabbatar da rinjayen Arewa a siyasar Najeriya shekaru masu zuwa. Bacin rai a tsakanin 'yan siyasar kudancin kasar ya shiga rudanin siyasa a kasar. An zargi Obafemi Awolowo, Firimiyan Yankin Yamma da yunkurin kifar da gwamnati. Hakan ya biyo bayan rikicin da ya barke tsakanin gwamnatin yankin AG da gwamnatin tsakiya. Duk da gazawar shaidun da masu gabatar da kara na gwamnati suka gabatar, an yanke masa hukunci. Da tsare Awolowo, Samuel Akintola ya karbi ragamar shugabancin yankin Yamma. Domin kuwa Akintola abokin Ahmadu Bello ne, wanda ba za a iya cece-kuce ba a Najeriya, sai aka rika sukar Akintola a matsayin makamin Arewa. [2] A matsayinsa na firayim ministan Yamma, Akintola ya shugabanci zamanin da ya fi kowa rudani a Yankin Yamma—wanda ya sa aka yi masa lakabi da " Wild-Wild West ". Sai dai kuma har ya zuwa ranar Alhamis 13 ga watan Janairun 1966 Balewa ya bayyana cewa gwamnatin tarayya ba za ta tsoma baki a kasashen Yamma ba. [3] Sai dai washegari Akintola, firayim ministan Yamma ya gana da amininsa Ahmadu Bello, Sardaunan Sokoto, Firimiyan Arewa kuma shugaban jam'iyyar NPC da Balewa yake. [4] A daidai lokacin da ake gudanar da babban taron tsaro a Legas wanda ya samu halartar mafi yawan manyan hafsoshin sojojin kasar. Duk wannan aiki ya haifar da jita-jita cewa za a tilasta wa gwamnatin Balewa murkushe rashin bin doka da oda a kasashen Yamma ta hanyar amfani da karfin soja. [4]
Fitattun 'yan siyasa
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SA Ajayi ya koma lardin Kabba ya koma jam'iyyar Arewa People's Congress, inda daga bisani ya tashi ya zama mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar a lardin Kabba. A shekarar 1955 aka zabe shi kansila a gwamnatin jihar Kabba sannan bayan shekara daya ya samu kujerar dan majalisar dokokin Arewa, sannan ya zama dan majalisar zartarwa na yankin a matsayin karamin ministan kula da gandun daji. An nada shi mukaddashin ministan ilimi a shekarar 1963, bayan babu Isa Kaita . A lokacin da yake Majalisar Dokokin Arewa, an nada shi Sakataren Majalisar Firimiyan Arewacin Najeriya, Ahmadu Bello daga 1957 zuwa 1960. Ya na daga cikin wakilan da suka tattauna kan ‘yancin Najeriya a taron Lancaster House da aka yi a Landan kuma ya jagoranci tawagar Arewacin Najeriya zuwa Landan don tattaunawa da kaddamar da VC-10 Nigeria Airways . Ya kasance memba ne a Ofishin Tattalin Arzikin Najeriya zuwa Yammacin Jamus kuma ya kasance minista har lokacin da sojoji suka hambarar da gwamnatinsu a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 1966 . A zamanin gwamnatin Shehu Shagari, an nada shi a matsayin shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa na kamfanin inshora na kasa (NICON).
Juyin mulkin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Rikicin siyasa a tsakiyar shekarun 1960 ya kai ga juyin mulkin farko da sojoji suka yi a Najeriya. A ranar 15 ga watan Janairun 1966, Manjo Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu da sauran sojojinsa na 'yan tawaye (mafi yawansu 'yan yankin kudu ne) da Manjo Emmanuel Ifeajuna na sojojin Najeriya ke jagoranta, suka aiwatar da kisan gillar da aka yi wa daukacin hukumomin gwamnati. Prime Minister Tafawa Balewa, an kashe shi ne tare da Firimiyan Arewacin Najeriya, mai karfi Ahmadu Bello Sardaunan Sokoto, [5] Samuel Akintola, Firayim Ministan Yamma [6] da Festus Okotie-Eboh, Ministan Kudi . [1] . Babu tabbas ko an ceto ran shugaba Azikiwe ne saboda baya kasar a lokacin, ko kuma an sanar da shi juyin mulkin da ke shirin yi, kuma yana kasar waje domin a tsira da ransa. Manjo-Janar Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi ya karbi mulki a matsayin shugaban gwamnatin mulkin soja na farko a Najeriya a ranar 16 ga Janairu, 1966. [7]
Yakin basasa da bayansa: 1966–79
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Jamhuriyyar za ta wargaje ne sakamakon ballewar Biafra da yakin basasar da ya biyo baya daga 1966 zuwa 1970. Bayan kawo karshen yakin, al'ummar kasar sun sake hadewa tare da ci gaba da mulkin soja har na tsawon shekaru tara, tare da aiwatar da ' yan kasuwa na kasashen waje. Daga karshe dai an gudanar da zabe a shekarar 1979 wanda ya kai ga Jamhuriyar ta biyu ta Najeriya.
Nassoshi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ https://www.dawodu.com/const63.pdf The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (1963)
- ↑ John de St. Jorre, The Nigerian Civil War (Hodder and Stroughto Publishers: London, 1972, p. 30
- ↑ John de St. Jorre, The Nigerian Civil War (Hodder and Stoughton Publishers: London, 1972) p. 30.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 John de St. Jorre, The Nigerian Civil War, p. 30.
- ↑ John de St. Jorre, The Nigerian Civil War p. 36.
- ↑ John de St. Jorre, The Nigerian Civil War, p. 35
- ↑ John de St. Jorre, The Nigerian Civil War, p. 39.