Abincin Yammacin Afirka
Iri | regional cuisine (en) |
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Abincin yammacin Afirka ya ƙunshi nau'ikan abinci iri-iri waɗanda aka raba tsakanin ƙasashe 16. A Yammacin Afirka, matane da yawa suna girmama abincin kuma suna kiwon nasu abinci, kuma a cikin kowannensu akwai rabon aiki. Abinci na asali ya ƙunshi nau'ikan tsire-tsire da dabbobi, kuma suna da mahimmanci ga waɗanda rayuwarsu ta dogara da noma da farauta .
Har ila yau, tarihin yammacin Afirka yana taka rawa sosai a cikin abincinsu da girke-girke, saboda mu'amala da al'adu daban-daban (musamman kasashen Larabawa da kuma Turawa) a cikin shekaru aru-aru sun bullo da abubuwa da yawa da suka ci gaba da zama muhimmin bangare na abinci daban-daban na kasa a yau. .
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A lokacin farkon zamani, masu bincike na Turai da masu cinikin bayi sun rinjayi abincin yanki a yammacin Afirka, amma iyakacin iyaka. Duk da haka, 'yan kasuwa da jiragen ruwa na Turai ne suka kawo barkono barkono, masara da tumatir daga Sabuwar Duniya, kuma dukansu sun zama kayan abinci na yammacin Afirka a ko'ina, tare da gyada, rogo, da plantain . Bi da bi, waɗannan jiragen ruwa na bayi sun ɗauki kayan abinci na Afirka zuwa Sabuwar Duniya, ciki har da peas masu baƙar fata da okra .
Kusan lokacin mulkin mallaka, musamman a lokacin Scramble na Afirka, mazauna Turai sun ayyana iyakokin mulkin mallaka ba tare da la'akari da iyakokin da suka rigaya ba, yankuna ko bambance-bambancen al'adu. Wannan ƙabilun da aka raba su kuma sun ƙirƙiri yankuna tare da salon dafa abinci iri-iri. A sakamakon haka, yana da wuya a bayyana sosai, alal misali, abinci na Senegal.
Duk da cewa turawan mulkin mallaka sun kawo sabbin sinadarai da dama a nahiyar Afirka, amma ba su da tasiri sosai kan yadda ake dafa abinci a yammacin Afirka.
Sinadaran
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawancin jita-jita suna wadatar da tushen tumatur, albasa da barkono barkono . [1] An yi la'akari da dabarun dafa abinci mai mahimmanci har ma da "tsarki" a cikin yankin, haɗuwa da waɗannan nau'o'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in mai sauteed a cikin man fetur yana kama da irin wannan ra'ayi irin su Triniti mai tsarki na Cajun da Creole dafa abinci a Amurka, sofrito da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin Mutanen Espanya. duniya, soffritto a Italiya, da kuma mirepoix na Faransa .
Mafi yawan man girki shine man dabino, al'ada yana hade da yankunan bakin teku kuma yana ba da gudummawar launi, dandano da laushi ga abinci, yayin da aka fi amfani da man shea a yankin Sahel da ake kira karité a Faransanci, wanda ya fito daga kalmar larabci gartī., yana da daraja ga mawadacin bakin da yake bayarwa.
Akwai wasu sinadaran da ke tafiya da wasu ƙasashe ma. A Ghana, abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su sune barkono mai zafi, ginger, da masara . 'Yan Ghana suna amfani da barkono mai zafi saboda sun yi imanin cewa barkono mai zafi za su sanyaya jiki kuma ya tsaftace / tsarkake shi (Salm, 106-108). A Senegal, manyan abubuwan da ake amfani da su sun hada da barkono mai zafi, shinkafa, gero, gyada, ginger, ganyen tamarind, da 'ya'yan itacen baobab, da man girki (Ross, 75). Waɗannan su ne kaɗan waɗanda ke da ɗan bambanci na abin da suka saba amfani da su don jita-jita.
Don cikakken ra'ayi na yammacin Afirka, a cewar Fran Osseo-Asare, abubuwan da ake amfani da su a yankin yammacin Afirka sune ganye daga bishiyar baobab, hatsin hatsi: sorghum, gero, da fonio, cola nut, egusi tsaba, Guinea fowl . barkono melegueta, dabino mai, okra, da shinkafa. Sauran sinadaran da ake amfani da su sune okra (thickener) a matsayin tushen miya da stews, black-eded peas, da sesame bisa ga Jessica B. Harris in High on Hog.
Kayan miya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Obe ata da ata din din miya ne da ake amfani da su a girke-girke da yawa. Dukansu sun dogara ne akan tumatir, barkono barkono, albasa da kayan ɗanɗano irin su thyme, tafarnuwa, ginger, curry foda, tare da jari ko bouillon. [2]
kayan yaji
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kayan yaji suna taka rawa sosai a dafa abinci na Afirka ta Yamma idan aka kwatanta da cewa, Abincin Arewacin Afirka . Masu dafa abinci suna amfani da kayan yaji da ganya kamar ginger, coriander, da thyme a hankali amma da sanine.
Ana son barkono barkono a Afirka ta Yamma, a cikin sabo, busasshen foda da foda, musamman a cikin wurare masu zafi da zafi na yankin. An gabatar da shi zuwa Afirka wani lokaci bayan da jirgin ruwa na Turai Christopher Columbus ya yi tafiya zuwa Amurka, an ce gumi da zafi na chili ke jawowa yana taimakawa wajen sanyaya fata. Fiye da sauran yankuna na Afirka, 'yan Afirka ta Yamma suna amfani da barkono barkono na Scotch bonnet tare da hannu mai sassaucin ra'ayi a yawancin miya da stews. Cizo da wuta na waɗannan barkono masu zafi sosai (ƙimar Scoville 200,000-300,000) suna ƙara ɗanɗano na musamman da zafi. Chilli ya kamata kuma ya taimaka wajen adana abinci, da kuma ƙara ɗanɗano ga ƙananan wurare masu zafi kamar kayan lambu.
Hakanan ana amfani da tsaba na barkono na Guinea ( Aframomum melegueta ; kuma ana kiranta hatsin aljanna ko barkono melegueta), tsire-tsire 'yar asalin Afirka ta Yamma, kuma ana amfani da su sosai. Wannan kayan yaji na ɗan ƙasa yana ɗanɗano kuma yayi kama da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, amma yana da bayanin dandano na cardamom da coriander . Hatsi na aljanna ya kasance wani abu mai daraja da ke kaiwa Turai ta hannun 'yan tsakiyar Afirka ta Arewa a lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya .
Sumbala ko soumbala wani ɗanɗano ne da ake amfani da shi a ko'ina a Yammacin Afirka, ana amfani da shi ta hanyar da ba ta bambanta da cube na bouillon ba. Yawancin lokaci mata suna shirya shi a cikin kwanaki da yawa, bisa ga al'ada daga néré ( Parkia biglobosa ) tsaba, wanda kuma aka sani da fari wake, wani tsire-tsire na asali zuwa yammacin Afirka. Ana iya yin shi daga wasu nau'ikan iri, kuma amfani da waken soya don wannan dalili yana ƙaruwa saboda ƙarancin wadatar tsaba na néré . Tsarin ƙirƙira ya haɗa da tafasawa, tsaftacewa sannan kuma tattarawa don yin fermentation - tsarin fermentation yana ba shi ƙamshi mai ƙamshi kuma a lokaci guda ana samun arziƙi, umami mai zurfi ko ɗanɗano mai daɗi. Za a iya ƙara gishiri zuwa samfurin da aka gama don sauƙaƙe rayuwar ajiya. Ana sayar da wannan kayan abinci a al'ada a cikin ƙwallaye ko patties waɗanda za a iya adana su na tsawon watanni da yawa a lokaci guda a yanayin mafi kyawun inganci.
Wani sinadari ne na dafa abinci na gargajiya da ake amfani da shi a yammacin Afirka, kodayake mafi ƙarancin gargajiya na bouillon cube, musamman alamar Maggi, yana fafatawa da shi cikin farin jini.
Potash na Afirka (potassium carbonate) gishiri ne na ƙasa da ake amfani da shi don ɗanɗano da kuma hanzarta lokacin dafa abinci na wasu abinci ta hanyar dafa abinci, ana yin shi daga tokar wuta ta itace a wani daɗaɗɗen tsari wanda majagaba da ke zaune a Arewacin Amurka suka taɓa amfani da shi.
Kayan lambu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kayan lambu wani bangare ne na kowane abinci na yammacin Afirka. Wasu kayan lambu da aka fi cinyewa sun haɗa da peas baƙar fata, eggplant, kabewa da sauran squashes, okra, da kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan lambu iri-iri da aka noma da ganyaye masu ɗanɗano, waɗanda ba a san su ba ko kuma ana amfani da su a wajen nahiyar Afirka.
Ganyen Baobab, ganyen kabewa, ganyen rosella, ganyen dankalin turawa, da ganyen rogo (wanda yake dauke da sinadari a danyaniyarsa, kuma kullum ana shafa shi da tafasasshen ruwa kafin a yi amfani da shi wajen kawar da guba) wasu daga cikin ganyen da suka zama ruwan dare a kasashen yamma. Afirka dafa abinci. Peas mai baƙar fata suna zama tushen tushen soyayyen abun ciye-ciye, alamar fritter.
Ana amfani da tubers na sitaci da tushen kayan lambu a matsayin abinci mai mahimmanci, don yin hidima da naman su da kayan lambu, galibi a matsayin foil don zafin barkono. Rogo, koko, dankalin turawa, plantains, dawa suna zama a ko'ina a cikin abinci na gida, kuma yawanci ana tafasa su sannan a niƙa su da turmi a cikin wani ɗanɗano mai kauri mai suna fufu .
Sauran sitaci da ake ci a yammacin Afirka baya ga tushen kayan lambu da tubers sun haɗa da fonio, shinkafa, gero, dawa, da masara .
Nama
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ko da yake mutanen yammacin Afirka sun fi cin kayan lambu da yawa da nama a da, a yau abincinsu ya fi nama, gishiri, da mai. Abincin teku ya shahara musamman a bakin tekun kuma jita-jita da yawa suna haɗa duka kifi da nama. Abincin teku na ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan tushen furotin a Afirka ta Yamma.
Abincin teku yana da yawa a wannan yanki wanda wannan masana'antar ke da kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na ma'aikata. [3] Busasshen kifi da kyafaffen ɗanɗanon miya da miya, stews, da sauran jita-jita, gami da kayan abinci, kamar yadda anchovies da naman alade suke ɗanɗanon abinci a yawancin sauran abinci. Ana soya shi da mai, wani lokacin kuma ana dafa shi da miya da aka yi da gindin barkono mai zafi, albasa da tumatir, kayan kamshi iri-iri (irin su soumbala ) da ruwa don samar da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano.
Ana cin kaji kusan ko'ina kuma ƙwan kaji abinci ne gama gari da tushen furotin. Kwai tsuntsayen Guinea kuma sun shahara. A wasu yankuna na cikin gida, an fi son naman sa, naman alade da naman naman naman naman, tare da naman akuya shine jajayen nama.
Suya, sanannen gasasshen nama mai ɗanɗano kebab mai ɗanɗanon gyada da sauran kayan kamshi, masu siyar da titi suna siyar da su azaman abun ciye-ciye ko abincin yamma kuma yawanci ana yin su da naman sa ko kaza.
Wakilin jita-jita
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wasu jita-jita suna da yawa a yawancin al'ummomin Yammacin Afirka, amma suna da sunaye daban-daban a cikin yankuna daban-daban.
Fufu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawancin lokaci ana yin Fufu ne daga rogo, dawa, wani lokacin kuma ana haɗa su da cocoyam, plantains, masara, ko oatmeal . [4] A Ghana, an fi yin fufu ne daga dafaffen rogo da kuma ciyawar da ba ta nuna ba, da kuma na koko. A halin yanzu, an sanya waɗannan samfuran a cikin foda / gari kuma ana iya haɗe su da ruwan zafi don samun samfurin ƙarshe, kawar da aikin bugun shi a cikin turmi tare da pestle har sai an sami daidaiton da ake so.
Hakanan ana iya yin Fufu daga semolina, shinkafa, ko ma flakes ɗin dankalin turawa nan take. Sau da yawa, ana yin tasa har yanzu ta hanyar hanyoyin gargajiya: bugawa da tushe a cikin turmi tare da cokali na katako. A cikin mahallin da talauci ba batun bane, ko kuma inda kayan aikin zamani ke samuwa, ana iya amfani da injin sarrafa abinci.
A Yammacin Afirka da Tsakiyar Afirka, hanyar da ta fi dacewa ita ce yin hidimar tudun fufu tare da miya ( ɔbɛ ). Bayan an wanke hannu, mai cin abinci ya fizge wata ƙaramar ƙwallon fufu kuma ya yi ciki da babban yatsan hannu. Ana cika wannan tafki da miya, sannan a ci kwallon.
A Najeriya da Ghana, ba a tauna kwallon sai dai a hadiye su gaba daya; a haƙiƙa, ana ɗaukar tauna fufu a matsayin faux pas . Saboda haka, fufu ba kawai abinci ba ne har ma a matsayin kayan aiki. [4]
Wasu miya da za a iya yi da fufu sun haɗa da miya mai haske (tumatir), miyar dabino, miyar gyada, barkono barkono, da sauran nau'ikan miya tare da kayan lambu irin su okra da nkontomire ( ganyen cocoyam). Sau da yawa ana yin miya da nama da kifi iri-iri, sabo ko sha.
Groundnut stew
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Groundnut stew ( maafe ), (var. mafé, maffé, maff, sauce d'arachide</link> , tigadèguèna</link> ko tigadene ), nama ne na gyada da aka saba da shi a yawancin yammacin Afirka, kuma ya shahara sosai a Senegal, Gambia, Mali, Guinea da Cote d'Ivoire . Bambance-bambancen maafe suna bayyana a cikin abincin al'ummai a ko'ina cikin Yammacin Afirka da Afirka ta Tsakiya . Tare da yawaitar noman gyada a lokacin mulkin mallaka, maafe ya zama abincin da ya shahara a yammacin Afirka, har zuwa gabashin Kamaru .
Girke-girke na stew ya bambanta sosai, amma stew gyada a cikinsa ana dafa shi tare da miya bisa ga gyada ( gyada ), [5] Triniti na Afirka ta Yamma na tumatir, albasa da barkono, da kuma abubuwan gina jiki kamar naman naman naman naman naman naman naman naman naman naman sa, naman sa ko kaza. A yankunan bakin teku na Senegal, ana yawan yin maafe da kifi . Ana yin amfani da Maafe bisa ga al'ada tare da farar shinkafa (a Senegambia), couscous (kamar yadda Afirka ta Yamma ta hadu da Sahara) ko fufu da dankali mai dadi a cikin wurare masu zafi.
Jollof shinkafa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Jollof rice, wanda kuma ake kira benachin, sanannen abinci ne a duk Yammacin Afirka. Ya samo asali ne daga Senegal amma tun daga lokacin ya yadu zuwa yammacin Afirka, musamman Najeriya da Ghana a cikin 'yan kabilar Wolof, wadanda kalmar "jollof" ta samo asali.
Akwai bambancin shinkafa jollof da yawa, wanda a yawancin abinci ya dogara da tushe mai kama da obe ata . Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su na yau da kullun sune shinkafa, tumatir da manna tumatir, albasa, gishiri, da barkono ja. Bayan haka, ana iya ƙara kusan kowane irin nama, kayan lambu, ko yaji.
Sigar jollof rice ta Senegal ta ɗan bambanta kuma ana kiranta ceebu jen , abincin ƙasar Senegal. Bambance-bambance, thiebou yapp, ko "naman shinkafa" an yi shi da naman sa, naman naman nama ko wani nama ja. Riz gras irin wannan jita-jita ce da ake samu a Yammacin Afirka masu jin Faransanci.
Jerin sauran jita-jita na yammacin Afirka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Abin sha
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Abubuwan shaye-shaye irin su Supermalt da ruwan kwakwa sune shahararrun abubuwan sha a yammacin Afirka. Dangane da shaye-shaye, giyar dabino shine abin sha na yau da kullun da ake yin shi daga ɗumbin ɗumbin itatuwan dabino iri-iri kuma galibi ana sayar da su da zaki (marasa fermented, riƙe da yawan sukarin sap) ko tsami (yana da tsayi mai tsayi, yana sa shi ƙarfi da ƙarfi). kasa mai dadi) iri. Biya daga gero ma na kowa.
Da'a
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Cin abinci na gamayya ne; masu cin abinci suna amfani da yatsunsu don cin abinci. Ruwa yana da mahimmancin al'ada mai ƙarfi a yawancin ƙasashen yammacin Afirka (musamman a wuraren busassun), kuma ruwa galibi shine abu na farko da mai masaukin baki na Afirka zai ba baƙo. [4]
Ta ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Don ƙarin takamaiman salo, koma zuwa labarin kan kowane abinci na ƙasa ko na yanki:
- Benin abinci
- Abincin Burkina Faso
- Cape Verdean abinci
- Abincin Gambiya
- Abincin Ghana
- Abincin Gine
- Gine-Bissauan abinci
- Abincin Ivory Coast (abincin Cote d'Ivoire)
- Abincin Laberiya
- Abincin Mali
- Abincin Mauritaniya
- Abincin Nijar
- Abincin Najeriya
- Abinci na Saint Helena
- Abincin Senegal
- Abincin Saliyo
- Abincin Togo
Bayanan kula
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "West African cuisine". Retrieved 2010-03-18.
- ↑ "Obe Ata (Nigerian Red Pepper Sauce) Recipe". Serious Eats (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-09-22.
- ↑ Brashares, J. S. (2004-11-12). "Bushmeat Hunting, Wildlife Declines, and Fish Supply in West Africa". Science. 306 (5699): 1180–1183. Bibcode:2004Sci...306.1180B. doi:10.1126/science.1102425. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 15539602. S2CID 34213295.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Fufu: How to make, eat, and what to pair with the West African staple". KCRW (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-11-23.
- ↑ Dorinda Hafner. "Maafe – Chicken And Peanut Stew – Mali". Chef2Chef culinary portal. Archived from the original on 2007-02-03. Retrieved 2007-03-03.